The Scientific Revolution:
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This 3 page paper outlines the contributions and achievements of Galilei, Kepler and Copernicus. Furthermore, this paper details the ways in which their scientific contributions altered the way man understood himself in the universe. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: GSSciRev.rtf

The Strength of Fly Ash
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This 8 page paper provides an overview about the strength of fly ash. Positive and negative aspects are also discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA549Ash.rtf

The Study Of Geological History Prior To The 1900's
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7 pages in length. Theories and concepts in geological history prior to the twentieth century are both significant and far-reaching. So instrumental are they in gauging the earth's ongoing changes that a specialized scientific field was developed solely for its continued study. The writer discusses the study of geological history as it existed prior to the twentieth century. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GeoHist.wps

The Truth is Out There - The Plausible Possibilities of the Existence of UFOs
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A 9 page paper that argues that life on other planets, and therefore the existence of Unidentified Flying Objects, or UFOs, is not only possible but also probable. Discussed are the 1947 events surrounding what has become known as the Roswell Incident and the private sector interest and investigation into the existence of UFOs that stemmed from this incident. Included are the arguments of those who believe that the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial life is a probability as well as the arguments of those who dispute this theory. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: LCTruth.doc

The Use of Lasers to Drill Gas and Oil Wells
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This 8 page paper looks at different aspects of laser use to drill oil and gas wells. The paper starts by comparing laser and traditional methods, then looks at formation perforation, spalling and the use of lasers for casing. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TElaseroil.rtf

The Viability of the Catastrophism Theory in Dinosaur Extinction
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An 8 page consideration of the theory of catastrophism in relation to the dinosaur extinction which occurred during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Weighs the geologic evidence of such an event against the environmental effects which would have occurred to contend that such an event would have had much further effects than on the dinosaurs alone. If catastrophism resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs it would have resulted in widespread extinction of other species as well. Concludes that this fact discounts the validity of catastrophism and suggests that gradual environmental changes and the effects of competition with other animals led to this extinction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdinoCt.wps

The Volcanoes of Hawaii
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This 7 page report discusses Hawaii’s volcanoes and their geological features, age, and historical patterns. The various stages of development of the volcanoes also reflect the development of the Hawaiian islands. While there is rarely great destruction or loss of life related to Hawaii’s active volcanoes, it should be noted that Kilauea’s continuous state of eruptions have, since 1983, resulted in 1.3 cubic kilometers of rock, more than the volume created in the 1980 blast at Mount St. Helens. Obviously, the volcanoes of Hawaii still have an impressive impact. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWvolhaw.wps

The Volcanoes Of Papua, New Guinea
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This 11 page research paper examines the historical phenomena of volcano eruptions in Papua. The writer is particularly concerned with caldera eruptions, predictors, etc; Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Papuav.wps

The Whittier Earthquake Of 1987
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In this 7 page essay, the writer uses the Whittier Narrows Quake to show how frighteningly unpredictable and random California's earthquakes have become. The writer discusses the occurrence of that particular quake, its socioeconomic devastation, and most importantly-- describes what "lessons" we should have learned from this random example of geologic terror. Comparisons are also made between the Whittier quake and the Loma Prieta quake of 1989. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Whittier.doc

The Zinc Industry in New Brunswick, Canada
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the zinc industry in New Brunswick, Canada. Tutorial language is inserted throughout in square brackets to aid in writing process for customer. The zinc industry in New Brunswick, Canada is the largest in the world by volume and is part of the larger mining and mineral production industry which contributes over $790 million annually to the province. The Brunswick mine, near Bathurst, is owned and operated by Noranda and is the largest producer of zinc and lead concentrate. Despite the fact that a mine’s average life span is approximately 10 years, Noranda and the province have dedicated funding for additional exploration in addition to Noranda constantly improving their production processes to increase their zinc yield (currently at 32% of the total Canadian reserves). This investment and dedication of the province as well as the private corporation of Noranda should continue to keep New Brunswick as a major producer in the zinc industry with an initial estimation of an increase in revenue expected at 6% for the year 2003 alone.
Filename: TJzincC1.rtf

Tsunami
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A 5 page paper which provides an overview of tsunami. The paper discusses the causes of tsunami and also illustrates where threats are likely. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAtsunam.doc

Tsunamis: Description and Explanation of Cause
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A 3 page overview of the phenomena of a tsunami. The author defines tsunami and details the factors that enter into their formation and relative strength. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPtsunam.rtf

Turfgrass Insect Management
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A 5 page paper with an emphasis on Wyoming. The essay identifies some of the pests that may attack turfgrass and how they are usually controlled. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGtrfin.RTF

Using Geographic Information Systems for Wildlife Conservation
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A 10 page paper which discusses Geographic Information Systems technology and illustrates how it can be used for wildlife conservation. The paper discusses the general uses of GIS and clearly indicates its usefulness in the field of wildlife conservation. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RAgiswild.wps

Venus Transits The Sun
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A 4 page paper. An important astronomical event will occur on June 8, 2004 – Venus will transit the sun. This event occurs only four times every 243 years. Headlines announce it is a once-in-a-lifetime event since it will be another 122 years before it happens again. This essay explains what will happen, from where it will be visible, the duration of the event and the mathematical formula for calculating the next time and its importance to scientists. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGvenus.rtf

Virtual Geology Field Trip
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3 pages in length. Taking a virtual tour of North Fork of the Nooksack River, the student will find many interesting occurrences that have taken place in the area, not the least of which is the Church Mountain Landslide and the development of Twin Lakes. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCVirtFldTr.rtf

Volcanic Activity on Io
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This 5 page paper considers the fourth moon of Jupiter. The moon is the most volcanically active planet in the solar system, the paper gives general back ground to this planet and discusses the reasons for the high levels of volcanic activity. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEiomoon.wps

Volcanoes and the Effects of Volcanic Eruptions
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This 4 page paper investigates volcanoes and the causes and effects of volcanic eruptions. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: HVVolcno.rtf

Water Scaricity Should Lead to Agricultural Priorities:
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This 5 page paper discusses water scarcity, and how water should be reserved for agricultural needs primarily as opposed to urban centers in these situations. This paper uses California as an example, as well as other global locations to show the need for making agriculture a priority. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GSWaters.rtf

Weathering Formation of Clay Soils
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A 3 page paper discussing the aluminum and silicon content of several rock-forming minerals and assessing factors contributing to weathering into kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite or vermiculite clay types based on silicon and aluminum content. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSrockWthr.rtf

Wetlands Restoration in Wisconsin
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This 5 page report discusses the fact that state officials in Wisconsin are well aware that wetlands have important value in both ecological and hydrologic terms. Wetlands furnish fundamental habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals and also improve overall water quality through trapping sediment, lowering nutrients and reducing contaminants. Unique legislation in Wisconsin has been enacted to assure that wetlands are both restored and protected. In addition, the report considers the importance of water quality as well as habitat maintenance in the restoration process. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWwiswet.rtf

What is Sustainability?
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5 pages in length. In light of the fact that the world's population continues to explode, thus requiring more and more room and resources in which to appease the earth's inhabitants, the environment is facing continued degradation. The time has come for a drastic change in thinking with regard to the current environmental crisis. It has become necessary for the world to think of the economy and ecosystem as one, altogether forfeiting the idea of economic gain at the environment's expense. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAsustn.wps

Why California Won’t Fall into the Ocean
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This 3 page paper explains why California will not fall into the Pacific, though it will continue to experience earthquakes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVNoFall.rtf

Why Nature's Goods and Services can't be Priced
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8 pages. A discussion on why a monetary value cannot be placed on nature's ecosystems. A price would be unable to reflect the true market value and could not benefit the consumer or the public interest in the same way that it benefits nature. This paper discusses the role played by nature's ecosystems and why this is of intangible value. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JAnature.rtf

Wildfire Prevention
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A 4 page paper addressing safety aspects of preventing wildfires. Despite efforts to control the outbreak of wildfires, the fact remains that severity of wildfires is increasing. Forty years ago, a 1,000-acre fire was classified as serious. Now, crews may leave those to burn as they address more serious, much larger fires. Informed use of the natural forest cycle can serve to reduce the severity of unplanned fires, approximating what formerly was a natural cycle before introducing people and property to the mix. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSecoWildfire.rtf

Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming.
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(5 pp) In 1906, Mina Fleming was the first American woman elected to the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1907 she published a study of 222 variable stars she had discovered. A British astronomer made the following observation: "Many astronomers are deservedly proud to have discovered one...the discovery of 222...is an achievement bordering on the marvelous!" Bibliography lists 5 sources 1 visual.
Filename: BBflmngR.doc

World-Changing Science
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A 3 page paper discussing paradigm-changing contributors such as Max Planck, William Thomson and C.F. Mirbel, and how their scientific findings have benefited society as a whole. Planck’s quantum theory, Thomson’s thermodynamics and Mirbel’s founding of cell biology all continue to affect life and science today. The collective work of these and many others have brought us to a point where we can begin to gain an understanding of how much we still do not know, while benefiting society in the meantime. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSsciHist2.rtf