Stem Cell Research/Not an Ethical Issue
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A 6 page research paper/essay that argues that embryonic stem cells research is ethical. The writer bases this argument on the facts of reproduction and also presents the supposition that the real issue here is not stem cell research, per se, but the movement against abortion. The details of stem cell research are presented, along with relevant arguments supporting it. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khesceth.rtf

Stem Cell Research: Societal Implications
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A 4 page overview of the societal implications of this controversial research. The author approaches the subject from the perspective of the scientist and the nurse who are directly and peripherally involved in the research. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPstemC10.rtf

Stem Cell Transplantation: A Personal Perspective
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An 11 page review of the issues surrounding stem cell transplantation. Written from the perspective of a stem cell researcher that has been put into the position of having to fund his own research, this paper calls for a lift on the red tape and fiscal restrictions that currently limit governmental funding of stem cell research. The author distinguishes between embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and peripheral blood stem cells and emphasizes the importance of each in allowing a new hold on life to patients suffering from disease and infirmities, patients such as his own father. While there is considerable controversy surrounding embryonic stem cell transplantation, we as a society must recognize both the realities and the potentials in this situation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPstemC6.rtf

Stem Cells
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This 5 page paper looks at stem cells, what makes them unique, their characteristics, such as non specialisation and proliferation and the differences between stem cells from adults and stem cells from embryos or foetuses. The paper also includes consideration of the current research that is taking place and the potential uses of stem cells in the future. The paper ends with a brief consideration of the ethical issues. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEstemcell.rtf

Stem Cells
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A 10 page paper which discusses various aspects of stem cells. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RAstem.rtf

Steven Johnson/Emergence
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A 5 page book review that offers a summation of the major points of Steven Johnson's text Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software (2001). This is a fascinating book that offers its readers insight into the latest paradigm on how the natural world is organized. According to this radical perspective, complex adaptive systems (such as ant colonies-- or large cities) provide examples of complex order emerging from a series of small-scale interactions. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khsjem.rtf

Study of the Ossification Sequence in Pig Embryos
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This is a 5 page paper which is an example of the formate of a research paper. The topic of this example is the study of the ossification sequence in pig embryos. The bibliography has 3 sources.
Filename: JHStud.rtf

Success of the Single Cell Protein
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A 3 page paper which discusses how the single cell protein has been called an instant 30 year success. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAsincll.rtf

Successful Pregnancy
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This 3 page paper discusses the process involved in creating a viable pregnancy, from conception through implantation in the uterus. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVSucPrg.rtf

Synaptic Transmission
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This 5 page paper examines the process of synaptic transmission. The paper starts with the historical view, looking at the way understanding has developed. The processed themselves are then outlined and the paper ends by considering how imbalances can result in clinical conditions. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEsynaptic.rtf

Techniques for the Study of Cells
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This 3 page paper provides an overview on how a microbiologist studies cells. Various techniques are discussed inclusive of cell fractionation. The importance of PCR testing is also touched on. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA347DNA.rtf

Techniques Used in Cell Biology
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This 5 page paper outlines the view that the study of cellular function and the variety of different techniques used in cell biology relate to the complexity of cellular structures. Theorists like Warren Weaver, for example, recognized the concept of “organized complexity” and related this in terms of efforts to provide a rational account of biological organization. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHCelBio.rtf

Techniques Used in Cell Biology
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This 15 page paper addresses this major issue. Recent studies have focused on the ability to monitor expression of genes in a bacterium, especially in those bacteria with genome that have been sequenced. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that has recently been sequenced, and this study attempts to determine the elements that change the expression, including upregulation and down regulations of the genome of E. coli. This study provides a view of the impacts of environmental conditions (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerobic or the presence of potassium nitrate) on the expression of E. coli-12. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MHEcoli2.rtf

Technological Innovations in Farming
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A 9 page overview of the diversity of technological innovations which have made their way into modern agricultural practice. These include everything from the use of genetically engineered plants, to the control of pests and disease, to the use of plants and animals as bioreactors in molecular farming. Specific areas of farming now entail a number of technological considerations which were only a figment of science fiction just a few years ago. Many of these innovations have resulted in the ever increasing pressure to feed the world’s masses and to provide certain products which are of pharmaceutical or industrial use. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPfarmTc.rtf

Technology, Pharmaceuticals, and the Production of Vitamin B-12
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This 5 page report discusses the technological advances that have led to advances in pharmaceutical research and knowledge. The report’s particular focus is on the Vitamin B-12 and its impact on human health. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWb12.wps

Temperature Effects on Behavior
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A 7 page paper discussing the link between increased temperature and increase aggressive behavior. Increased irritability, inability to concentrate on routine tasks and a general lack of patience with small irritations all can be called signs of heat frustration. Even when temperatures are not high enough to cause physical problems, several studies indicate that increased temperatures do have a direct connection with increased aggressive behavior. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KStempEffect.wps

Temperature Regulation in Animals
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A 5 page review of thermoregulation in animals. Discusses the differences between ectothermia and endothermia in reptiles, fish, mammals and birds. Discusses animals classified as poikilothermic, having a body temperature which fluctuates widely, and those classified as homeothermic, having a narrowly constricted body temperature range. Includes a representative graph of these variations and a graphic showing bones structure and its relevance. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TempReg.wps

Testing an Empirical Method / Salivary Cortisol
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A 4 page review of a controlled study that shows that a method used to determine hormone levels in children was flawed because the stimulus used inflated results in 1,418 salivary cortisol tests on children. By testing the method, the authors exposed how some child development studies may have inflated findings. The authors propose means for improving the method and eradicating errors in existing studies. Bibliography lists a single source.
Filename: Cnchdev.wps

The ‘Biology’ of Cloning: Its Importance and Potential Impacts
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In six pages this paper examines the importance of cloning to the science of plant and animal biology and also considers its potential impacts on medicine, agriculture, economics, criminal justice, and society as a whole. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGcloning.rtf

The All Macaw Group
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A 10 page paper examining an Internet membership group in terms of composition, function, operation and differences from traditional mass media. This form of communication is one in which many can take part, but it still retains the form of exchange between individuals. This provides a significant difference between the group and traditional mass media. The other primary difference is that it is the group members, rather than the list owner, who determine what the content and topics of discussion will be. An appendix fills half of the paper; the appendix tracks group activity for 10 consecutive days, giving a synopsis of discussion topics in this group that has only 123 members but averaged nearly 17 posts daily over 10 days. The group’s focus is the care and breeding of macaw parrots. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSallMacaw.rtf

The American Alligator / Alligator Mississippiensis
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A 5 page overview of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Includes information on its evolutionary relationship to the crocodile, its reproductive strategy, habitat preferences, subsistence patterns and other behavior. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Alligat2.wps

The Anasazi of the Great Basin
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A 16 page paper discussing the history and fate of the Anasazi, ancestors of the Pueblos occupying the American Southwest for a period of time measured in thousands of years. The Anasazi disappeared abruptly, however, in the 13th century. Investigation points to drought, but some researchers believe that the Anasazi committed environmental missteps that eventually led to their demise. The paper traces some of the early cultural changes, discusses the water cycle and presents results of research focusing on and Anasazi. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: KSanasazi.rtf

The Animal Language Controversy
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A 5 page discussion of language. Explains the evolution of language in humans both in terms of innate capability and as being an evolution which occurred as a result of environmental stimuli. Concludes that while animals have an innate capability for language they have not experienced the need for more complex evolutionary aspects of the basic forms of language that they currently exhibit. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPlngAni.wps

The Bartrams / A Special View of Nature
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a 4 page research paper that looks at Thomas P. Slaughter's account of the lives of John and William Bartram--father and son, they were two of America's first horticulturists and botanists. Ahead of their times in many ways, the writer shows that science is substantiating many of their opinions. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Bartrams.wps

The Benefits of Genetically Modified Food
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A 9 page discussion of the benefits of bioengineering, the genetic alteration of food species. Presents the contention that genetically altered food species are the key to feeding the world's ever increasing population on the ever decreasing agricultural areas. Counters objections to bioengineering and concludes that it is the people themselves who should decide the direction of bioengineering. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPfoodGn.wps

The Benefits of Integrated Pest Management
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5 pages. The purpose of integrated pest management is to utilize the management of destruction by pests to crops and other agriculture with as little damage to the environment as possible. By using a system of integration we can cut down on the harmful chemicals and poisons that often harm the ecological balance. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAipest.rtf

The Biological, Psychological, and Social Obstacles to Understanding Transsexuality
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In five pages this paper examines transsexuality within biological, psychological, and social contexts with references to Joyce Meyerowitz’s How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States and George Chauncey’s Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940, with the theme of misunderstanding transsexualism also addressed within the context of Sigmund Freud’s essay, ‘Sexual Aberrations.’ There are no additional sources listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGtranssex.rtf

The Biology and Ethics of Human Cloning
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This 9 page paper provides an overview of cloning in general and then goes into political, moral and social implications of human cloning. Both sides are explored, but the paper supports the concept of human cloning. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA231cln.rtf

The Biology of Tapeworms
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A 6 page discussion of tapeworm life cycle and impact to man. This paper provides an overview of tapeworm biology as well as specific information on Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm which affects both humans and other higher vertebrates such as cattle and pigs and Taenia solium, a tapeworm in which the primary hosts is pigs while the intermediate host is man. These species are the two most common tapeworms infesting man and can exert tremendous economic and health impacts on the human population. They do so through an evolutionary design which ensures their success in invading and parasitizing their hosts. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPtapewr.rtf

The Botany of Coffee
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A 5 page paper discussing the coffee plant's structure and habit, then discussion of caffeine's effects on the body. Coffee is one of those plants that does not grow as well where it is native as it does where it does not. Native to Africa, it grows best for commercial purposes about 25 either side of the equator. It is important commercially regardless of where it is grown, however, with about 400 million cups being consumed each day by two-thirds of the world's population. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Kscoffee.doc

The Burgess Shale Fauna/Dinosaur to Bird Fossil Record: Parallels and Contrasts
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An 11 page comparison of the simplicity of the animal species preserved in the Burgess Shale Deposit and the complex evolutionary path recorded in the fossil record for modern-day birds. Discusses the controversy and debate surrounding the question of the speculated origin of birds from dinosaurs. Discusses the current findings in the field and the need for additional research. Paper concludes that not only is there no current connection between the Burgess Shale deposit and the evolutionary path of our modern birds, the theories that connect modern day birds to dinosaurs will undoubtedly continue to be challenged in the future. Emphasizes that research is ongoing, however, and that the probability of identifying a clear and irrefutable association between the dinosaurs and the modern birds is more probable than improbable. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdinoBd.wps

The Cell as a "Supramolecular Machine"
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An 8 page overview of cellular function. Concentrating on cellular function in viruses, the author utilizes RNA to illustrate the view that the cell is a supramolecular machine. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPrnaCll.rtf

The Cellular Basis of Cystic Fibrosis
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7 pages. This paper about cystic fibrosis deals with a journal article that explains research into the molecular and cellular basis of cystic fibrosis. Included in this paper is what is known about the disease process, why the research was undertaken and what it contributes to the knowledge of pathobiology. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: JAcysfib.rtf

The Characteristics, Types, and Significance of Snakes
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the basic elements similar in all types of snakes, including anatomical elements, reproduction and locomotion and then outlines some of the specifics in three snake examples: garter snakes, cornsnakes and boa constrictors. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHsnakes.wps

The Chemistry of Water
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A 6 page description of water. The author details the chemical structure of water and how this structure determines its behavior in response to temperature and in response to other substances. A brief history on temperature measurement with specifics of the distinction between the Fahrenheit scale, the Celsius scale, and the Kelvin scale is provided as well. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPwater2.rtf

The Chemistry of Water
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A 8 page description of water and the chemical properties that make it so unique. The author details the chemical structure of water and how this structure determines its behavior in response to temperature and in response to other substances. A brief history on temperature measurement with specifics of the distinction between the Fahrenheit scale, the Celsius scale, and the Kelvin scale is provided. The chemical process that occurs when "hard" water is subjected to boiling temperatures is illustrated with the use of chemical formulas. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPwater3.rtf

The Ediacaran Biota of the Precambrian: A Separate Kingdom or The Ancestors of Modern Animals
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A 10 page overview of the Ediacaran Biota, an assemblage of fascinating organisms first discovered in the fossil record in 1946. Describes the ongoing controversy as to whether these organisms belonged to the Animal Kingdom or comprised their own previously undescribed kingdom. Presents the ancillary question that if these organisms were indeed animals did they die out in the Precambrian or are they actually the ancestors of modern day animals. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPfossil.wps

The effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide production in saccharomyces
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This 6 page paper considers the way that temperature will impact on the rate of carbon dioxide, the paper tests the hypothesis that the higher the temperature the more rapid the rate of carbon dioxide. This is tested using yeast. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEcarsac.rtf

The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth
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A 5 page discussion of bacterial growth in the presence of antibiotics. Examines how bacterial growth is dependent on a number of their physiological mechanisms such as enzymes, proteins, and even the communication of one organism with another in a phenomenon referred to as quorum sensing. Emphasizes that it is critical to continue our quest to understand the specifics of how antibiotics influence bacterial growth. By improving our understanding and concentrating on developing antibiotics which only work on specific intracellular functions of bacteria we have a higher chance of improving the long-term health not only of human populations but also of those populations of plants and animals upon which we depend. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPantibi2.wps

The Effects of Hormones on Plants
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An 8 page research paper which discusses plant growth, plant hormones, as well as provides the findings of research studies on how hormones effect plant growth. Includes a discussion of two or more hormones in detail. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Planhorm.wps