Protein Synthesis
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A 4 page paper describing the method by which ribosomes synthesize proteins in the cell’s cytoplasm. The paper identifies amylase as being one of the body’s proteins, one so specific that its presence in blood confirms diagnosis of pancreatitis, a potentially fatal disease. Includes one figure. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSproteinSyn.rtf

Pseudoscience: Common Depictions Verses Scientific Fact in Homosexuality
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A 5 page discussion of the inaccuracies regarding the root causes of sexual preference. Suggests that these inaccuracies are particularly damaging when they are misrepresented as scientific fact. Present real facts regarding homosexuality which would support the contention that sexual preference is genetically determined. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPsciFrd.wps

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease
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A 5 page paper discussing the Psittacine disease that is not limited only to the parrot family. PBFD has been found to infect and cause disease in geese and even guinea pigs, and it is believed to affect poultry species as well. It is now known that the disease is caused by a virus and that feather dystrophy may be the only symptoms apparent until shortly before death. The virus persists in the environment for long periods that may stretch into years. It has increasing commercial implication as birds become more common pets, and it has long-reaching implications for aviculture's efforts to preserve those species endangered by loss of tropical habitat. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KS-PBFD.wps

Questions in Biology
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A 15 page address of fifteen specific questions from biology. The author addresses questions ranging from the association between carbon dioxide and photosynthesis to genetics to seed dispersal. Three sources are listed.
Filename: PPbioTestQs.rtf

Reducing Green House Gas Emissions in Irish Dairy Farming
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There is little doubt that green house gases need to be reduced. This 15 page paper summarizes an article that assesses the potential of different dairy herd management systems to reduce the direct and indirect green house gas emissions. The reseach also looked at the impact on profit levels. The paper summarises the findings of the reseach and then offers a neutral opinion on the reseach. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEgasfarm.rtf

Regulating Patents for the Human Genome
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8 pages in length. This paper gives a convincing argument that the high money stakes for the human genome research needs to be more closely regulated by the government. The inherent problems in allowing private enterprise to profit from this means it could be less than helpful to medical research. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAgnome.wps

Regulating Patents for the Human Genome
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10 pages in length. This paper gives a convincing argument that the high money stakes for the human genome research needs to be more closely regulated by the government. The inherent problems in allowing private enterprise to profit from this means it could be less than helpful to medical research. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAgnome1.wps

Regulating Patents for the Human Genome
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12 pages in length. Goes over the arguments against Human Gerome research, as well as those arguements for it. This excellent paper gives a great overview of the entire research and earning potential of the research on human genetic mapping. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: JGAgnome2.wps

Regulation of Biotechnology-Developed or Altered Foods
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This 7 page report discusses regulating the use of biotechnology in food production. The pros and cons of biotechnology related to agriculture and food production are presented, as well as reasons behind its regulation. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWbioreg.rtf

Research Design Considerations for the Evaluation of Effective Management Regimes for Oral Thrush in the Oncology Setting
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A 4 page discussion of the various criteria which enter into research design. The author contends that not only does thrush present quantitative issues into the research environment, it also presents humanistic issues, issues which are sometimes more effectively evaluated with the use of qualitative verses quantitative research. A discussion of methods, methodologies, theoretical perspective, and epistemology is included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPthrush.rtf

Research Review/Color Perception & the Brain
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A 9 page research paper that offers a literature review that summarizes six research studies having to do with color perception. The author offers a brief synopsis of each study, relating the basic parameters of the study to the topic of research that addresses the underlying physiological mechanisms in the brain that pertain to color perception. From these studies, the author concludes that color perception plays a dynamic role in helping individuals discriminate among the tremendous stream of visual sensory data as to what objects in a visual perception field warrant attention. An abstract of the paper is included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khcolper.rtf

Research to Solve Problems: An Analysis of the Problem Solving Found in One Medical Journal Research Article in Regard to Assessing Pain Perception
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A 7 page analysis of a typical research article which is encountered in the medical literature. The author of this paper provides an overview of the procedures and findings reported in a study designed to provide a quantitative analysis of pain in the neonatal intensive care unit at a major hospital. Data collection, analysis, interpretation, and conclusions are all encapsulated and applied to the task of solving a problem. Suggestions for future research is included. Bibliography lists 4 sources. PPrsrcAn.rtf
Filename: PPrsrcAn.rtf

Resolving the Ecological Impacts of Algal Blooms
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A 10 page overview of the complexity of ecological problems created by algal blooms. Emphasizes that these blooms are caused by excess nutrient loading through pollutant discharges and that they result in tremendous impacts to ecological systems. Outlines the current state of regulation in regard to nutrient loading and details its application to algal blooms. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPalgae.wps

Review of “Does Race Exist?”
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A 5 page review of an article appearing in Scientific American in 2003 discussing genetic similarities and differences between and within those groups of humans that we commonly refer to as races. The authors discuss the role that Alu polymorphism carries in distinguishing broad groups of people and the limitations of using the measure to categorize humans. The authors explain that some who appear to be quite similar can be quite different genetically, while the reverse is also true. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KSraceArtRev.rtf

Review of "Newly Discovered Molecule is a Clue to the Spread of AIDS"
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A 5 page paper discussing newly discovered information reported in a 2001 issue of The New York Times and its implication for promoting understanding of AIDS/HIV infection. This discovery is that the HIV virus is able to attack the first line of defense against invasion, the CD-4 cells responsible for collecting invading particles and delivering them to the lymph nodes where the first real attack is mounted. This ability of the HIV virus to replicate while contained in the CD-4 cells effectively turns them into "Trojan horses" by the time they reach the lymph nodes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSaids-NYT.wps

Roy Bedicheck: Adventures with a Texas Naturalist (1947)
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(5 pp) This classic piece of naturalistic writing, Adventures with a Texas Naturalist, set in the southern Texas hill country, was written by University of Texas, Professor Roy Bedicheck in a single year (1947) of solitude at Frank Dobie's Paisano Ranch outside Austin. It contains philosophical wisdom and humor, to match, the depth and the beauty of the landscape of this particular part of the country. "The so-called literature of escape, with its growing popularity, is in part a revolt against the tyranny of clocks." Roy Bedicheck. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BBbedich

Rye: Secale cereale x Secale montanum
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Breeding for Ergot Resistance in Perennial Cereal A 10 page discussion of the selective breeding processes which go into developing a better-performing agricultural strain. Outlines the importance of rye and historical breeding efforts. Discusses traditional breeding techniques and contrasts them with more modern procedures such as tissue culture and bioengineering. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPryeCer.wps

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Brewer's Yeast)
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A 6 page overview of the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Describes the organism as one which has been utilized by man for over one-thousand years. Typical uses include not only that as a leavening for bread and fermentation for liquor, however, but also experimental utilization in many biochemical and genetic investigations. Comments on the factors which influence the growth and reproduction of this organism in its natural environment and in the laboratory. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPyeast.wps

Salmon: The Needs of a Sustainable Fishery
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A 9 page discussion of the factors impacting the salmon populations of the Northwest coast. Addresses several normative economic questions regarding the value of the fishery and management efforts. Identifies damning as the primary impact and outlines the most appropriate management approach. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPsalmQs.wps

Sarcomere Contraction
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A 5 page research paper that discusses this aspect of the muscular system. A "sarcomere" is the "smallest functional unit of a muscle," which is composed "mainly of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin," with a single sarcomere extending from z-band to the next ("Sarcomere"). The following discussion examines sarcomere contraction, the importance of good nutrition and respiration to contraction and, specifically, what occurs at a synapse when a neuron stimulates a muscle cell. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khsarcom.rtf

Saving America's Trees
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This 3 page report discusses the importance of saving America's trees and briefly considers some of the problems being faced in conservation efforts. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWtrees.rtf

Schwann Cells / Their Function & Relationship to Axon Cells
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An 8 page overview of Schwann cells and their relationship to axons. Illustrates that Schwann cells are supportive in nature to the neural axons and that each is critical in the passage of information between cells. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Schwannc.wps

Science and the Koran
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This 22 page paper examines the Koran, or Qur'an and the science that is presented in the text. The paper argues that this religious text presents a large amount of scientific fact before the knowledge existed to prove the claims. Much of the fact could not be understood for many centuries until science caught up with the writing. This paper considers aspects of embryology and human development as well as astrology, cosmology and physics, including the creation and big bang theory, as well as the existence of black holes. The discussion includes consideration of the translation and context of the text as well as the way that it may, or may not be seen accurate with today's scientific knowledge. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEkoransci.rtf

Science Cannot Reach Definite Conclusions
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This 4 page thesis paper supports the point of view that science is not definite. Two articles --one by Stephen J. Gould and the other by Fox--are compared and contrasted. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA709sci.rtf

Scientific Discovery: Male Mice Sing To Their Female Counterparts
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5 pages in length. In Ultrasonic Songs of Male Mice, Timothy E. Holy and Zhongsheng Guo seek to determine the extent to which male mice emit ultrasonic songs when in the vicinity of female mice. They discover, through scientific methodology, the conditions upon which this occurs, the varied nature of syllables used and the vastly superior scale upon which these songs are delivered. The hypothesis, therefore, seeks to determine the equivalency to what equates to song, as well as the level of diversity with regard to the individual male mouse, which results indicate a "small but significant difference in syllable usage and the temporal structure of their songs" (Holy et al, 2005, p. 386), suggesting how mice communication may hold myriad more complexity than has been understood. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCMiceSing.rtf

Script/Animated Film of Evolutionary Progress
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A 3 page script that is, hypothetically, suppose to accompany an animated film that pictures the origins of life on Earth. The writer covers such as topics as continental drift, changes in oxygen levels in the atmosphere and the slow emergence of life in specific eons and periods. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khevoscr.rtf

Seagulls in a Nutshell
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This 5 page paper considers the seagull and their lives. The paper includes factual information on the gulls such as life span, feeding habits, physical characteristics and the care of the young. After this the writer moves on to consider why and how these birds may be seen as pests and the consequences to both the birds and the environment. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEseagul.wps

Seahorses / With Particular Emphasis On Hippocampus ingens
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A 5 page look at seahorse biology and impacts to their population such as the aquarium and pharmaceutical trades. Includes a particular emphasis on Hippocampus ingens. Bibliography lists twelve sources.
Filename: Seahorse.wps

Seed Dispersal and Germination: The Effects of Wind and Fire
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A 7 page discussion of the impact of fire and wind on seed germination and dispersal. Discusses the evolutionary adaptations of certain seeds which have allowed them to benefit from wind or fire and discusses how fire can have both direct and indirect effects on seed germination. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPseedDs.wps

Seed Dormancy / Evolutionary Importance
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A 5 page overview of seed dormancy. Relates the importance of dormancy to sustaining the population and to the evolutionary development of a species. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Seeddorm.wps

Sensory Perception: Physiological Biases from Past Experiences and their Relations to Cultural and Racial Biases
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An 8 page overview of the physiological basis of our perceptions. Discusses the phenomenon of phantom limbs in depth and relates this phenomenon to neurological processes and the structure of the brain itself. Suggests that given the number of physiological processes which can lead to false perceptions it difficult to trust even our own bodily perceptions. Extends this thought to a discussion of racial and cultural prejudices, of ingroups verses outgroups. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPsensor.wps

Serial Killers
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A paper which looks in detail at the social phenomenon of serial killing, with reference to sociological, psychological and biological theories. The paper also considers specific examples of serial killers, in particular Aileen Wuornos. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: JLserkill2.rtf

Sex Chromosomes in Flowering Plants
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A 7 page review of the literature review presented by Ming, Wang, Moore, and Paterson in the February 2007 edition of the American Journal of Botany. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPplntssexchromosomes.rtf

Sigma Binding Factors In E.coli
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This 10 page paper examines and describes the sigma binding factors. The writer considers sigma 70 and sigma 32, with the heat shock response as well as sigma 54 and SigmaS (sigma38). The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEsigmae.wps

Signal Transduction in Plants
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A 5 page review of the manner in which information is passed between the various parts of a plant. Transduction is accomplished through a complex interaction of chemical constituents and plant physiology. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPplntSgnls.rtf

Sleep Deprivation & Academic Performance
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A 4 page research paper that examines circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation in regards to the student tradition of "all nighters" in order to cram for tests. The writer argues that research shows this practice to be detrimental to academic performance and explains the scientific facts behind this assessment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khsleepy.rtf

Spring and Fall
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A 3 page paper which compares and contrasts the seasons of Spring and Fall. No sources cited.
Filename: RAspfa.rtf

Stem Cell Research
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An 8 page research paper that presents rational, ethical and emotional arguments in favor of lifting the federal restrictions on embryonic stem cell research. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: khstemc.rtf

Stem Cell Research & Ethics
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An 8 page essay that summarizes and discusses the various ethical arguments that surround the debate over whether or not stem cell research is justifiable. The writer, citing both biological and philosophical arguments, feels that stem cell research is ethically sound and defensible. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khscreth.rtf

Stem Cell Research Ethics
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A 14 page paper. The writer was required to read several articles provided and add others to discuss the issue of stem cell research and determine if it is ethical or not. The writer also commented on whether the authors demonstrated any bias in their reporting. The essay ends with the writer's opinion regarding the ethics of this issue. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PGstmcl9.rtf