DARWIN’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE SCIENCE OF EMOTION
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This 3 page paper discusses the basic perspectives of Darwin on the idea of emotions and expressions, then compares his ideas to those discoveries being made by scientists today. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBdarwin.rtf

Death Valley National Park
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This 5 page report discusses Death Valley National Park’s landscape, geological structure, climate, and the creatures that survive there. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWdeathv.rtf

Debate on Human Cloning
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A 6 page research paper that argues against the possibility of human cloning. The writer examines the possible uses for cloning and argues that to reproduce a human being in this manner is repugnant and unethical because it does not considers the needs of the child. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khhuclno.rtf

Debating Shoeing Horses
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A 3 page paper discussing the implications of shoeing horses. The bottom line appears to be that shoes are beneficial in offering protection where it is needed and in correcting existing hoof problems, but that all horses do not need to be routinely shoed without assessing the conditions in which they live and work. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KShorseShoe.rtf

Defining and Measuring Intelligence
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This 5 page report discusses human intelligence, the ways in which it is defined and measured and the idea that half of the population has an average or above average degree of traditionally measured intelligence. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWavgIQ.rtf

Defining Osmosis
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This 5 page report discusses and explains the concept of osmosis which is how one element or ingredient of a solution flows through a membrane while other components of a solutuon are shut out and unable to pass through the membrane. In order to determine which membranes allow the flow of which constituents of a solution requires experimentation since not all membranes act the same way. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWosmos.rtf

Deforestation: Central America
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A 6 page paper which offers an examination of the deforestation that is taking place in Central America. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAdefrst.rtf

Dental Fillings The History, Types and Uses
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An 8 page discussion of the history of dental fillings. Traces the filling from ancient times to present exploring the various types of materials which were used. Explains that the choice of filling is related to performance but also to availability and cost. Notes that the evolutionary path of fillings is tied as well to the evolutionary paths of other dentistry aspects such as drill evolution and the development of molding techniques and materials. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdentFi.doc

Denture Cleansers
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5 pages in length. Maintaining one's own teeth is certainly a preferable alternative to having dentures; however, when the time comes to make such a decision, there are a number of considerations to be made beyond merely the fit. If dentures are not properly cleansed on a regular basis, this can lead to the same type of oral decay found in those without dentures. Denture cleansers are manufactured to help continue the process of good oral hygiene by effectively removing the build up of debris from prosthetic dental appliances. Powder, tablet or paste, the choice of material is solely a personal decision based upon past experience and preference. The write discusses various aspects of denture cleansers. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCdentr.wps

Desert Surfaces: A Process Based Analysis of Radiation, Heat, Precipitation, and Storage
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A 7 page overview of the processes which impact deserts. Summarizes geologic, climatological and biological processes which interplay to both shape desert environments and which are shaped by those environments. Outlines the importance of topography, substrate characteristics, precipitation, vegetative cover (both type and extent), radiation, and cloud cover in particular and concludes that each of these factors is interrelated with the other. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdesert.wps

Designer Babies
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An 8 page research paper that investigates the possible ethical ramifications of biotechnological advancements that predict the advent of "designer babies," that is, children whose genes have been manipulated for certain traits or bodily characteristics. Based on futuristic predictions, the writer argues against the morality of such technology. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khdeskid.rtf

Designing a Research Framework
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This 4 page paper helps the student design research to test an hypothesis. The framework shown is the framing of the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1), the decision on what level of confidence to choose, looking at which statistics to test and deciding on which tests are most suitable. The example used is testing to see if genetically modified food and non modified food are the same. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEstatest.rtf

Destiny or Circumstance?: Are Human Beings in Charge of Their Destiny?
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A 5 page discussion of destiny as it relates to the actional and nonactional theories. Associates the theory of biological determinism with the nonactional theory but observes other areas of research which indicate numerous factors, particularly parental involvement in our childhood, affect the way we live our lives. Concludes that there is some validity to the Actional Theory, the theory that it is us that determine our destiny. What becomes clear, however, is that our destinies are determined not only by factors which are under our control but also be predetermined factors such as our genes. Destiny therefore is predetermined in some instances but entirely under our control in others. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPdestin.wps

Differences In The Way A Mammalian Cell And Yeast Cells Coordinate Cell Growth And Cell-Cycle Progression
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This 3 page paper summarizes an article by Colon and Raff (2003) entitled “Differences in the way a mammalian cell and yeast cells coordinate cell growth and cell-cycle progression” which looks at the role of cell check points and the importance of extracellular signalling for mammalian cells when researched with the use of Schwamm cells. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEcellgrow.rtf

Dinoflagellates
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A 4 page overview of this classification of organism. The author reviews the phylogeny and the ecology of these incredible diverse creatures. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPdinofl.rtf

Distribution and Evolution of the Striped Skunk
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A 3 page paper which provides a look at the distribution and evolution of the striped skunk. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAskunk.rtf

DNA - An Overview
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A 5 page exploration of DNA and its relations to cellular reproduction. Includes a discussion of cellular structure, mitosis, and meiosis. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Dna.wps

DNA and the ageing process
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A paper which considers research into the phenomenon of ageing, with specific reference to DNA and changes which take place at the cellular level. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: JLagedna.rtf

DNA Replication
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A 9 page paper which examines DNA replication. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RAdnarn.rtf

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
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This 3 page paper takes a look at these scientific processes and how new technology in regard to evaluating genetic materials are utilized. Examples are provided. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA341DNA.rtf

Durable Disease Resistance
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Durable disease reduction, an integral component of modern plant breeding is one solution that many plant biologists believe will be the deciding factor in whether the world's population of 2020 will be fed. This 5 page paper argues that the goal of durable disease resistance is not only possible but also probable before 2020. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTdisres.wps

E Coli
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A 10 page paper discussing the E. coli infection. This is an infection which can prove to be very dangerous to the health of an individual, and is normally contracted through tainted meats and dairy products. While the majority of the cases result in nothing more than digestive problems, there is the chance that an infection could result in death. A description of the pathogen, and the method of transmission is discussed, followed by a section discussing the symptoms and effects. There are also sections covering treatment of the condition and preventive measures that can, and should, be taken in an effort to reduce the risk of contracting E coli. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: RAecoli.wps

Ecosystems: North and South
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(5 pp). As we move into a new century we become more aware of how hard we were on the planet in the last one hundred years. This discussion examines the general criteria of an ecosystem, and then illustrates what an ecosystem is, by describing one on a north facing slope, and one on a south facing slope. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBecoNSR.doc

Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Germination of Erigeron Species
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A 15 page scientific report regarding the germination rates of two species of fleabanes, Oregon fleabane (Erigeron speciosus) and Piper's Daisy (Erigeron piperianus). Provides information regarding the distribution and ecologies of the two species, their importance from both agricultural and ecological standpoints, and information (based on the unpublished work of Ronald J. Burkey at Washington State University Agricultural Research Center in Prosser WA) regarding their relative germinations under varying planting depths, soil types, cold treatment verses no cold treatment, and light exposure verses germination in the dark. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Erigspec.wps

Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on G Proteins
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This 12 page report discusses the effects of volatile (inhalation) anesthetics on G-proteins. G proteins are a key to the chemical “switches” that get take place in order to communicate messages in the body. As the receptors react, they change shape which then allows for the G protein to also change. It releases the a GDP molecule and grabs onto a related molecule called GTP. Having attached the GTP to itself, it then acts on membrane processes such as enzymes and ion channels. That process then results in a new “messenger” molecule -- cyclic AMP. An 'enzymatic cascade' then takes place because the AMP causes a protein reaction. A literature review is included that outlines a number of the projects regarding the subject that have been undertaken in the past decade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWvolane.rtf

El Niño's Effects on Agriculture
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A 5 page paper discussing the change of global weather patterns common with the cyclical El Niño originating in the Pacific Ocean. It has been said that the farmer is the finest example of compulsive gambler in existence. That El Niño events will continue to occur is a given, but prediction and management of them can minimize their negative effects while allowing some producers to take advantage of temporary conditions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSelNiño.wps

Energy Transfer in Cells
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This 5 page paper considers energy transfer in cells. The writer looks at the process, defining what is meant by energy and how it can be seen as a two way function of energy transformation. The writer includes consideration of the Laws of Thermodynamics, the role of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic pathways. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEcellen.doc

Entamoeba histolytica: Description, History, and Etiology of an Organism Associated with Infectious Diarrhea and Dysentery
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A 5 page overview of this single-celled eukaryote, a common parasite among all classes of vertebrates, several invertebrates, and quite possibly a variety of unicellular organisms. This paper provides a morphological description of the organism, an overview of its life history, and a review of its impacts to humans and the treatment methodologies which are employed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdysent.rtf

Enzymes and the Krebs Cycle
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A 5 page paper discussing enzymes at their most basic level. Comprised of amino acids, enzymes are the catalysts of myriad biochemical reactions. In keeping with the true nature of catalysts, they accelerate and enable reactions without being materially affected themselves. The second section of the paper presents a diagram of the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Taking place in the mitochondria of the cell, the citric acid cycle is the last in a series of steps that convert 'food' into 'energy.' Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenzyme.wps

Epidermal Stem Cell and their Role in Wound Healing
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This 6 page paper considers how epidermal stems cells may play a role in healing wounds. The paper discusses the healing process and looks at recent research which indicates the importance of dermal sheath cells in speeding and increasing the quality of wound healing. The bibliography cites 19 sources.
Filename: TEstemce.rtf

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
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A 5 page overview of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, its life cycle and its effect on horses. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Eqenceph.wps

Erythrina Speciosa
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A 3 page paper which offers an overview of the plant erythrina speciosa or the coral tree. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAcrlee.rtf

Ethics and Brain Research
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A 7 page research paper & argumentative essay that considers the ramifications of the latest advancements in neuroscience, such as "smart pills." The writer argue that policymakers would be wise to listen to voices warning against the hubris of altering humanity's most distinguished feature, its capacity for reason, the human brain. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khethbr.rtf

Evidence for Evolution
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A 3 page overview of the theory of evolution. This paper outlines the usefulness of the fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and molecular biology as evidence that evolution is a valid concept. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPevolEvdnc.rtf

Evidence of Violent and Non-Violent Cultures in Non-Human Primates
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This 11 page report discusses the fact that when the concept of culture is examined in relationship to biological anthropology, it offers insight to the ways in which certain behaviors have developed and whether as they can be thought of as unique to one species or if there is a biological predetermination to be addressed. Therefore, it is important to look at the behaviors and cultures of different non-human primates and determine the ways in which that has influenced the development of humanity. The author of the report uses the example of violent (chimpanzees) and non-violent (bonobos) social relationships to consider such questions. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWprimat.rtf

Evolution & Christian Theology
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A 7 page research paper that examines whether or not Christian theology can accommodate scientific theories about the evolution. The writer, citing the emerging science of chaos and complexity theory, argues that science and theology can be reconciled. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khevocom.rtf

Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens
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A 10 page discussion of the mechanisms through which bacterial pathogens evolve. Bacterial pathogens evolve in reference to a number of factors. These are both natural factors and manmade factors. Bacterial evolution in response to antibiotics is one example of this relationship. This evolution occurs both clinically and in areas such as uncontained landfills that have been the recipient of hospital wastes. Once bacteria evolve to reflect a resistance to antibodies they retain that evolutionary feature. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPpathog.rtf

Evolutionary Mechanisms: The Theory of Heterozygote Superiority Verses The Selfish Gene Theory
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A 9 page discussion of the mechanisms by which evolution occurs. Contrasts the theory of the selfish gene proposed by Richard Dawkins with that of the theory of heterozygote superiority held to by evolutionary biologists such as E. Sober. An overview of each theory is presented. The conclusion is drawn that although certain “selfish” elements do exist (such as is the case with certain highly repetitive DNA sequences) if these elements replicated to the point where it constituted the entire genome of the organism the organism would be sterile and without offspring the too successful gene would be doomed to death. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPgeneNo.rtf

Evolutionary Theory and the Existence of Art in the Human Experience
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This 5 page report discusses the reasons behind the existence of art from the point of view of writers and researchers who see it as a fundamental component of the evolutionary processes of humanity. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWevoart.rtf

Evolutionary Wonders: Examples from the Plant and Animal Kingdoms
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A 7 page overview of the marvels of evolution as reflected in six very different representatives of the plant and animal kingdom. This paper notes the lessons mankind might learn from birds, insects, and even the lowly parasitic worms as well as food crops such as corn, medicinal plants such as foxglove, and ornamentals such as the exotic water hyacinth. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPbioFav.rtf