The Installation, Data Acquisition and Reduction of the Mass Flow Rate of a Solar Collector
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This 7 page paper considers the problem of assessing the mass flow of a solar collector and proposes a specific technical process by which this can be achieved. This paper relates a design proposal to complete this task. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHengine.wps

The Jet Engine (An Overview)
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This 7 page paper examines the jet engine. Various types are relayed. How the engine works is a primary part of this paper. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA538jet.rtf

The Kinesiology of the Volley Ball Serve
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the kinesiology of the volley ball serve, with a focus on the upper extremities. This paper assesses things like skill, balance and an anatomical analysis as well as a mechanical analysis. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: MHVolBal.rtf

The Language Evolution Debate
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This 5 page paper examines language evolution and the various controversial theories that exist. The paper focuses on an article by Michael Corballis that is the center of the discussion. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA534lng.rtf

The Lazarus Effect and the ‘Feathers’ of the Longisquama
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This 3 page paper is written in two parts, answering several questions; which of the three commonly accepted explanations is most likely to explain the Lazarus effect, what value or information the Lazarus effect provides when studying the fossil record and what is meant by refugia. The second part of the paper looks at the appendages of Longisquama considers if these are mostly likely to be feathers or scales, the role they may have had and whether it was likely to be the ancestor of bird life.The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TElazaru.rtf

THE LEGACY OF EINSTEIN’S RELATIVITY THEORIES
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This paper examines, in tutorial form, the life of physicist and mathemetician Albert Einstein, and how his findings and theories impacted the scientific community. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MTeinste.rtf

The Limnology of Lake Michigan
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A 9 page scientific research paper on the limnology of Lake Michigan (one of the United States' "Great Lakes"). Included are the limnological characteristics, climate & erosion, human & trophic conditions, and more. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Lakemich.wps

The Living Fossil "Palms"
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A 5 page paper discussing the physical characteristics, geographical distribution, morphological adaptations and reproduction of the genus Cycas of the Cycadaceae family. The long survival of Cycas is easy to explain, though some species are now endangered because of their commercial value and the slow growth rate of their seedlings. Others are in danger because of loss of habitat, such as the C. elephantipes. The Cycas genus is one important for both evolutionary and commercial interest. In that, its status is not likely to change. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KS-Cycas.wps

The Long-Term Effect of the Development of the Atomic Bomb: Environmental and Sociological Impacts at Los Alamos and Trinity
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An 8 page overview of the societal and environmental legacy of the 1945 development and testing of the Atomic Bomb. Outlines the impacts to the ecologies of these areas as well as to the human inhabitants. These impacts have been both environmental and community-based. An entire community grew up around the Los Alamos Lab and this community is still integrally connected to both the past and the present activities of the Laboratory. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPnukeEn.wps

The Lowly Tuna Sandwich: Its Ecological and Physiological Relevance to Man
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An 8 page analysis of the components of the tuna sandwich. Breaks the sandwich down into each of its components comparing them ecologically and evolutionary to man. The paper then concentrates on the molecular components of the sandwich, noting the particularly of the passage of elements such as starches and sugars through the digestive system of the human body. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPfoodAn.rtf

The Major Muscle Groups / An Overview
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A 10 page paper describing the five major muscle groups and providing specific information for a representative muscle from each. Includes six drawings of various muscles as well as information regarding their origin, insertion, function, and innervation. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Muscgrup.wps

The Medicinal Uses of Roses
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A 5 page overview of the pharmacological manner in which roses have been use throughout the history of mankind. While many are skeptical, roses have a value beyond their beauty. This value lies in their ability to heal and calm. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PProseMd.rtf

The Moon's Orbit Around the Earth
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5 pages. The student's assignment was to research the orbit of the moon by noting the shape of the moon, recording the date and time, and by using various forms of measurement formulating an opinion as to the shape of the moon's orbit around the earth. This paper gives some excellent information regarding the relationship of the moon to the earth and the sun, and the reasoning behind eclipses. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAorbit.rtf

The Muscle System: An Overview
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A 3 page paper providing a general overview of the three types of muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is that which holds together the larger framework of the human body and enables us to move at will when functioning properly. Other types of muscles are associated with internal organs and operate involuntarily so that our intestines continue to work full time and our heart beats continually without any conscious effort. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSmusclOverv.rtf

The Naked Ape: A Review of the Book by Desmond Morris
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A 6 page overview of the contentions presented in this 1967 book. Noting the controversy surrounding the book and its occasional deviation from contemporary evolutionary thought, the author of this paper asserts that Morris for the most part echoes contemporary evolutionary thought. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPnakedA.rtf

The Nature of Species:
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This 9 page paper discusses the nature of species. Specifically, this topic is presented in relation to essentialism and anti-essentialism viewpoints. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSSpecies.rtf

The Nature vs. Nurture Controversy
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A good 6 page analysis of the nature vs. nurture controversy regarding factors that contribute most strongly to human development. The writer assesses both sides of the issue, explains its relevance to sociology & sociobiology, and determines that the development of a personality and the characteristics of that personality actually depend upon a combination of biological and social factors. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Naturenu.wps

The Neanderthal Controversy
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of the controversies over the origins of Homo sapien, and the question of whether modern man drove out the Neanderthals or if they interbred. This paper integrate a view of the existing arguments. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: MHNeande.rtf

The Necessary View Of Evolutionary Biology
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A 5 page paper discussing skepticism levied toward evolutionary biology because of the difficulty in categorizing it. The traits of humans to categorize things and ideas can block recognition of the gains that can be made through evolutionary biology. The common view of the discipline generally falls outside the range of the pure scientific method and lacks the flamboyance required by the arts. The inabilities of those two broad categories to make evolutionary biology into their frames of reference, however, is the fault of those disciplines—not of evolutionary biology. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: EvolBio.wps

The Need for Regulation of Biotechnology, Bioengineering, and Cloning
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This 4 page report discusses the issue of regulating biotechnology and the social issues associated with concerns that are highlighted in the 2001 movie "Artificial Intelligence: A.I." Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWaireg.rtf

The Nervous System
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This 2 page paper provides an overview of the nervous system in both humans and other species. Specific information comparing the human system with others is included. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA006CNS .rtf

The Neurons of the Bipolar, Unipolar & Multipolar Cells
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A 5 page overview of the anatomical makeup and function of these components of our nervous system. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Neuron.wps

The Night Sky: A Simultaneous Window Into the Past and Present
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A 4 page overview of several basic astronomical phenomena. The author explains how eclipses occur and why they are limited to only a few per year. The paper then progresses on to an examination of the contention that when we look to the night sky we are not only seeing the present but also the past. The characteristics of light are used to explain this contention. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPastrn2.rtf

The Origin of Life
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A 5 page paper which presents a general overview of the origins of life. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAorigin.wps

The Origin Of Modern Science
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6 pages in length. Scientific discovery is what the fundamental essence of life is based upon; without Aristotle's initial quest into the notion of logic, contemporary society would know nothing of the extraordinary influence science has had upon human existence ever since. The elements of deductive mathematics were another significant component of scientific evolution, while geography, astronomy and natural sciences soon took shape as separate and individual fields. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCscinz.wps

The Origin of Viruses
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A 3 page investigation of viral origin. This paper describes viruses as originating from the genome of living animals. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPvirusOrigin.rtf

The Origins of Homo Sapien
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This 5 page paper considers the arguments regarding the origins of Homo sapien, including the population replacement model, the multiregional replacement model and the genetic replacement model. These three theories are assessed, with a significant concentration placed on the validity of the population replacement model, also known as the Out of Africa model . Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHHomoSa.wps

The Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
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A 7 page overview of the environmental factors affecting the Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in regard to their feeding patterns and development. Emphasizes that life history varies in accordance with a number of factors including the habitat in which the fish live and the prey species which are desirable, or at the very least available. Concludes that halibut feeding patterns are both directly and indirectly correlated with such factors as the relative age of a Halibut and environmental factors such as water depth, oxygen level, and turbulence. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhalibt.wps

The Paradox of Pain
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A 5 page paper which examines and explains the paradox of pain. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RApain.rtf

The Petrochemical Industry in Saudi Arabia
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This 6 page paper examines the petrochemical industry in Saudi Arabia looking at the level of importance of the industry, the types of oil, locations of the oil fields and the level of oil reserves and the current and future capacity of the industry in Saudi Arabia. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEpetsaudi.rtf

The Phenomenon of Lightning
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7 pages in length. A complete discussion of lightning including : what it is, negative cloud-to-ground flashes, return strokes, ball lightning, and more. The problem meterologists have with regard to lightning's predictability is emphasized. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Lightnin.wps

The Philosophical Debate Between Realism And Nominalism: How They Relate To Species, Genes, And Niches
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12 pages in length. Ever since the tenets of philosophy came into existence, there has been an ongoing debate between the concepts of realism and nominalism. When one considers these two divergent viewpoints, one is quick to discern their repelling structure, inasmuch as no individual can allege to support both doctrines; clearly, one is either a realist or a nominalist – neither the two shall meet. The writer discusses the properties of nominalism and realism, as well as employs example work from Roger Sperry, George Herbert Mead, and George Berkeley in order to demonstrate the relationship of realism and nominalism to species, genes and niches. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TLCnomin.wps

The Philosophy of Biology
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This 8 page paper relates the concept of the developmental challenge relative the philosophical perspectives on biology. In particular, this paper considers whether genic selectionists are guilty of ignoring the developmental process, and as a result, this paper outlines the developmental systems theory as a part of this argument. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHBioPhi.rtf

The Phylogenetic Relationships of African Hominids: The Cladistic Verses the Molecular Data Approach
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A 10 page overview of the manner in which phylogenetic relationships are determined. This paper given an outline of both the cladistic approach and the molecular data approach, emphasizing that each has their place in establishing the phylogeny of African hominids. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPphylo2.rtf

The Phylum Mollusca
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A 10 page discussion of the phylogeny of the phylum Mollusca. Provides an overview of the major classes of Mollusca including Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Scaphopoda, and Cephalopoda. Outlines common morphological features known as synomorphies and discusses the variations between species. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPmollsk.wps

The Physics of Basketball
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the physics of basketball. Both the physics of bouncing the ball as well as shooting hoops are discussed. The advantage of the underhand throw is emphasized. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA246bkt.rtf

The Physics of Computation: Classical Versus Quantum Computing
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of the physics of computation, with a specific view of the comparison between classical and quantum computing. This paper considers the elements that direct man's perceptions of the physics of computation and relates these through a view of quantum mechanics and quantum computing. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHquantu.wps

The Physics of the Golf Swing
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Everything in the universe demonstrates some form of motion, and motion can be evaluated through the application of a number of physical properties and laws. Even the initiation and swing of a golf club can be evaluated as a physical process and laws of physics and motion, including Newton's Laws of Motion, can be applied to this simple task. This 5 page paper reflects the application of a number of physical properties and laws of physics to the golf swing. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Golfphys.wps

The Physiological and Behavioral Components of Sexual Mimicry
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This 10 page paper outlines a study on sexual mimicry in animal populations. The physiological and behavioral components of sexual mimicry can be viewed through an understanding of polymorphism and the changes that occur in flycatcher populations. A number of studies of flycatcher populations provide a basis for understanding the physiological and behavioral changes that occur in the presence of different stimuli. This study relates to these changes through a view of existing studies, and assesses the methodologies used by other researchers to determine the best ways of studying this population.
Filename: mhmimic3.rtf

The Physiological Concepts of Sleep: Implications for Nursing
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A 7 page discussion of the physiological processes associated with sleep. Defines sleep and delineates its critical cycles and the environmental, physiological, and psychological conditions which can interrupt those cycles. Emphasizes the need for nurses to allow for periods of uninterrupted sleep and to fully assess patients for sleep related problems. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPsleep.wps