The Great Dying
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5 pages in length. The Great Dying is historically known as a period of time two hundred and fifty-one million years ago where the earth suffered significant and overwhelming devastation. The most intriguing aspect about this mass extinction of plant and animal life is that scientists still have no concrete evidence why such a phenomenon occurred. That the planet lost more than ninety percent of all marine plant and animal life, as well as nearly seventy percent of all land species, makes one ponder the underlying spiritual reasons for such havoc. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCgrtdy.wps

The Great Human Diasporas: Implications of the Work of Luigi Luca Cavilli-Sforza for Theories of Cultural Evolution
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A 5 page discussion of the theories presented in the book The Great Human Diasporas : The History of Diversity and Evolution. Recognizes author Cavilli-Sforza as a renown expert in human genetic diversity. Notes Cavilli-Sforza adds significant contributions to the predominant explanations of cultural evolution. His work in linguistics, for example, has been applied to reconstructing ancient routes of human migration. Additional work in genetics complement such observations to allow Cavilli-Sforza to provide considerable insight to the manner in which culture has evolved alongside the biological aspects of human life. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPcltEvo.wps

The Great Invention of the Microwave
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A 5 page overview of the invention of the microwave. The author of this paper emphasizes that the microwave is one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth century. The paper notes the significant steps in the development processes and explains the technology behind the development. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPmicrow.rtf

The Great Lakes
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A 6 page discussion of the Great Lakes, their sources, natural environment, and pertinent theories. Bibliography lists three references.
Filename: Greatlak.wps

The Great White Shark
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6 pages in length. The great white shark provokes a lot of mystery and myth, most of which is simply untrue. This paper will explore some facts about the great white and whether or not they propose a threat to humans, as well as problems affecting the great white sharks themselves and possible solutions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAshark.wps

The Greenhouse Effect; Causes and Solutions
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This 6 page paper looks at the problem of global warming defining and describing some of the possible causes, such as carbon dioxide, water vapour and the natural temperature cycles. The paper also considers some of the proposed solutions to these problems. The bibliography cites 9 sources.
Filename: TEglowar.wps

The Hard Shell Clam Business in the Raritan Bay Area
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This 24 page paper outlines biological aspects of hard clams which are also known as Mercenaria mercenaria or quahogs. The history of the industry in and around the Raritan Bay area and Sandy Hook are discussed in detail. Clam Population, conditions and sizes of clams are included along with a slew of information used to characterize the clams. The history of hard clamming in the region is discussed along with a great deal of information on pollution and how the problem has been resolved. Finally, throughout the paper, legislation and restrictions are duly noted. It is suggested that sometimes legislation is too strict. The paper concludes with future possibilities regarding this long standing industry. Bibliography lists 30 sources.
Filename: SA410clm.rtf

The Hawaiian Islands & Their Scientific Environment
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Excellent for those studying oceanography, marine biology, geography, and even geology. This fairly technical 10 page research paper discusses various issues concerning the Hawaiian Islands including aquatic life, volcanoes, climate, and coastal topography. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources.
Filename: Hawaiifi.wps

The History & Current Conditions of The Rivers of Ohio
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Complex geological and structural changes have occurred in the rivers of Ohio since the were first created as a result of glacial flows. The current conditions in a number of rivers in Ohio, including the Ohio River itself, are directly related to the geological development of the region, the influx of industry and agricultural development since the 19th century, and the transformation of the environment due to vast chemical, structural and natural changes. This 9 page paper reflects the transformation of the Ohio Rivers since their glacial formation and determines the most significant environmental factors currently impacting these natural regions. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Ohioriv.wps

The History and Processes of Beer
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This 5 page report discusses beer -- its evolution, technological advancements, and the processes involved in its production. The fundamental ingredients of beer are water, malt, hops, and yeast. The major variation in beer is the type of yeast used to ferment the product. And yet, beer has gained a great deal of prestige in the past two decades as an almost trendy drink of preference for beer connoisseurs. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWbeer.wps

The History of Numbers
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This 14 page report discusses the ways in which humanity has developed numerical systems corresponds to the ways that the human species also developed. As human thinking grew in complexity, so did the application of numbers and the understanding of numbers. And yet, little thought is given to why human beings came up with the idea of numbers or how it is possible to count. . Modern historians and social scientists have traced the processes associated in the history and development of numbers from Europe to China, via the Classical World, Mesopotamia, South America and, even more than any where else on Earth, India and Arab lands. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWhisnum.wps

The History Of Unmanned Space Flight
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A 9 page paper that provides a history of unmanned space flight that has lead up to the Mars Pathfinder mission and the interrelationship of all of those missions to the eventual human habitation of another planets, namely, Mars. The quest for Mars was begun 40 years ago, and all of the space exploration to date, manned or unmanned, including discoveries about earth and the universe, have been made toward this purpose. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Unmanned.doc

The History, Purpose, & Physics Of The Steam Engine
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A complete 10 page overview of the steam engine including its function, purpose, history, and development. The writer is very specific and cites a number of historical people involved in working on this technology. The physics of how steam produces work are explained as is the mechanical operation of various types of steam engines. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Steameng.wps

The Holographic Principle
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A 5 page review of the holographic principle. Moving from an explanation using a shadow on the wall as an explanation of this theory, the author progresses to a more technical explanation involving cosmological theory. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPhologr.rtf

The Hubble Space Telescope
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A 5 page research paper which looks at the Hubble Space Telescope and the ramifications of some of its discoveries on the science of astronomy. The writer discusses what the Hubble has revealed about our own solar system and also the numerous paradoxes that the images from the Hubble have uncovered that may eventually revolutionize current scientific thinking. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Hubble.wps

The Hubble Space Telescope
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12 pages in length. In what has seemed like the blink of an eye, scientific technology has advanced the human race at such breakneck speed that scientists are forever attempting to outdo each previous discovery with a bigger and better replacement. Such is the case with the fantastic discoveries for which the Hubble Space Telescope has been responsible during the twentieth century. Had it not been for the creation of such a monumental piece of scientific machinery, the world would not have acquired the mountain of information, photographs and previously unknown details that have come forth over the last decade. Indeed, the proficiency of the Hubble Space Telescope has allowed mankind to delve far beyond the confines of conventional boundaries in order to encourage further exploration of outer space. The writer discusses revolutionary and evolutionary aspects of the Hubble Space Telescope. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLChuble.wps

The Hubble Telescope and the Ongoing Argument over the Hubble Constant
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This 7 page report discusses the Hubble Telescope and the one question that remains regardless of how any single scientist, researcher, astronomer, or politician feels about the overall Hubble project -- that is the controversy about the size of the Hubble constant, and the size of the universe. The Hubble constant represents the expansion rate of the universe, which is used to calculate the age of the universe. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWhubble.rtf

The Human Cloning Debate
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This 4 page paper looks at two articles on human cloning. Both sides of the issue are explored but the paper ultimately supports cloning. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA616clo.rtf

The Human Digestive System
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A 7 page review of the human digestive system. This paper provides a look at the mechanical and chemical components of digestion. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPdigestHumanSystem.rtf

The Human Digestive System / Its Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Development
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A 7 page exploration of the concepts of phylogeny and ontongeny in relation to the digesive system. Discusses the embryonic development of the digestive system and points out that, although it is possible that certain phases of our evolution are reflected in our embryonic development, this reflection is sporadic and quite different from the view held in the nineteenth century that an organism's embryological developmental phases give a clear picture of its evolutionary history. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Humandig.wps

The Human Eye: Anatomy and Physiology
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A 5 page review of the eye's structure and function. This paper reviews the major parts of the eyes and provides a detailed description of how it passes the information that it receives on to the brain. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPeye.rtf

The Human Genome Project:
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This 16 page paper discusses the Human Genome Project in terms of its history, its purpose and its current status. This report includes graphs and charts which highlight the material covered in this paper. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSGenome.rtf

The Human Hand
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A 4 page paper that provides an overview of the structure of the human hand. This paper considers the role of muscles, ligaments, tendons and bone in creating the movement of the hand. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Humanhan.doc

The Human Integument
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A 3 page overview of the basic features of human skin. The author describes the epidermis and the dermis and outlines the basic functions of each. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPskin2.rtf

The Human Integument (Skin): Structure, Function and Conditions By Which it is Affected
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A 5 page overview of the various components of the integument system and their function. The author explains that the body’s integument consists of a number of components which can be both independently and collectively affected by both internal and external factors. In its healthy state the skin provides a number of incredibly useful functions in the human body. When diseased, genetically predisposed to collapse, or exposed to various external stimuli, however, these functions are modified, significantly changed, or halted altogether. The result is a change from the normal physiologic functions of the skin to abnormal function. These changes can be only minimally important or they can result in debilitation or even death. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPskin.rtf

The Human Liver
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A 5 page description of the human liver. The author describes the liver in detail and delves into its multitude of function and the factors that can affect that function. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPliver.rtf

The Immune System
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A 13 page overview of the human immune system. This paper discusses the many components of that system and they way they interrelate with factors such as diet. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPimmuneSys.rtf

The Impact of Robotics
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This 5 page report discusses automation and the fact that it has become a commonplace part of the business and manufacturing world. Robotics is just one aspect of automation but an extremely important one. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWautom.wps

THE IMPACT OF THE CALIFORNIA FOREST FIRES
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This 5 page paper analyzes the problem, history, impact of the California forest fires. Solutions and potential corrections offered. Bibliogrpahy lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBcalifires.rtf

The Impact of Volcano Eruptions on Global Climate
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This 5 page paper consider the evidence that volcano eruptions have an impact on the global climate and weather patterns. The writer examines the evidence for a cooling effect as well as the hypothesis for long term global warming by depletion of the ozone layer. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEvolcan.rtf

The Impacts of Mendelian Genetics
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A 4 page contention that the result of Gregor Mendel's research has not only changed the way people perceive the world, but also the way people live in it. Carefully quantifying his bservations, Mendel was able to come to produce a set of laws that allow us to predict the genetic outcome of specific genetic crosses. Other geneticists have expanded this knowledge and made it an integral component of many aspects of our lives. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPmendel.rtf

The Importance of Astronomy and Galileo to Western Civilization
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This 3 page paper considers the importance of astronomy, and especially Galileo, to the development of Western civilization. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVAstGal.rtf

The Importance of Nature Verses Nurture in Shaping Behavior and Personality
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A 9 page examination of the age old question of whether it is our environment or our genes that shape our personality and behavior. The author examines both sides of this argument to conclude that a number of factors enter into the question of whether a parent or other factors of a child’s environment or genetics are responsible for that child’s destiny. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPbioDt2.rtf

The Importance of Phylogenetic Relationships in Evolutionary Biology
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A 5 page contention that phylogenetic relationships are a critical component of evolutionary biology. Indeed, it is upon our knowledge of phylogeny which we base much of our theory of evolution. Even in “Origin of Species”, that infamous production of an earlier century which many consider synonymous with the concept of evolution, Darwin relies heavily on his knowledge of phylogeny to assess the characteristics of plants and animals which he observed on his scientific voyage on the “Beagle”. Contends that this is only one example, of the many interrelationships of phylogeny and evolutionary theory which have occurred over time. It, along with the somewhat antiquated concept of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny, however, illustrates the importance of phylogeny to evolutionary theory. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPphylog.wps

The Importance of Scale:
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This 3 page paper examines the importance of scale, and illustrates why the skeletal structure of a mosquito would never survive if blown up to human proportions. In this way, this paper critiques the relation of structure functionality and scale. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: GSScales.rtf

The Importance of Toxicology
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This 4 page paper defines and explores toxicology. It explains how toxic substances affect people in their daily lives. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: SA436txc.rtf

The Importance of Water
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This 5 page paper looks at the properties of water and its life sustaining functions. Various benefits of water exercise are duly noted. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA309H2O.rtf

The Influence of Robotics in Society
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This 3 page paper looks at problems of technology and society. Robotics is the focus of this paper which uses an article by Brown as a springboard for discussion. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: SA704rob.rtf

The Influence of Science Upon Modern Life:
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This 3 page paper asserts that science has had a profound impact upon modern life. This essay presents a variety of evidence to support this claim. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: GSModlif.rtf

The Infrared Space Observatory
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This 10 page report on the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) gives an overview of what the ISO's investigations are revealing, why its observations are in demand, and how its discoveries are beginning to rewrite the textbooks on astronomy. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: Infrared.doc