The effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide production in saccharomyces
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This 6 page paper considers the way that temperature will impact on the rate of carbon dioxide, the paper tests the hypothesis that the higher the temperature the more rapid the rate of carbon dioxide. This is tested using yeast. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEcarsac.rtf

The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth
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A 5 page discussion of bacterial growth in the presence of antibiotics. Examines how bacterial growth is dependent on a number of their physiological mechanisms such as enzymes, proteins, and even the communication of one organism with another in a phenomenon referred to as quorum sensing. Emphasizes that it is critical to continue our quest to understand the specifics of how antibiotics influence bacterial growth. By improving our understanding and concentrating on developing antibiotics which only work on specific intracellular functions of bacteria we have a higher chance of improving the long-term health not only of human populations but also of those populations of plants and animals upon which we depend. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPantibi2.wps

The Effects of Carbide on the Human Body
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This 5 page paper examines the effects of carbide on the body. Asthma and respiratory problems are highlighted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA042Car.rtf

The Effects Of Genetic Engineering And Chemical Additives To Basic Food Production In The United States
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10 pages in length. If the only constant in life is that of change, than human food supplies reside at the top of the list. Produce, livestock and other edible commodities have experienced a timeline of change meant to boost production, lengthen shelf life, protect consumers against disease-borne illnesses and enhance the overall aesthetic appeal of a product. Utilizing genetic engineering and chemical additives, the United States' food supply has been transformed into an oversized, overprocessed, nutrient compromised, disease causing lot; many of today's foods no more resemble their organic ancestors than an apple can be mistaken for an orange. But perhaps one day that will actually happen just like it did with maize (corn), which today is wholly unidentifiable as ever having been a wild crop. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCgenengfood.rtf

The Effects of Hormones on Plants
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An 8 page research paper which discusses plant growth, plant hormones, as well as provides the findings of research studies on how hormones effect plant growth. Includes a discussion of two or more hormones in detail. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Planhorm.wps

The Effects of Pollution on Plants
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An 8 page research paper about the effects of sulfur dioxide on plants in a variety of locales. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Pollplan.wps

The Effects of the 1997-98 El Nino on Coral Reefs: Bleaching, Sea Surface Temperatures and Other Factors
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This is a 9 page paper discussing the effects of El Nino on the world’s coral reefs in addition to other factors. Excessive and sudden high sea water temperatures, El Nino, have a devastating effect on the coral reefs in over 100 countries around the world. High sea surface temperatures cause a disruption of enzymes in the coral’s zooxanthellae which then create toxic byproducts which kill the living coral resulting in a whitening or bleaching effect. Coral bleaching has been used in the last decade to study the changes in marine ecosystems using methods which include a combination of marine and satellite imagery efforts. The El Nino of 1997-98 was particularly destructive to the coral reefs as over 16 percent were instantly bleached in that year. In addition to the effects of sea temperatures rising, El Nino and human environmental factors, over 27 percent of the world’s coral reefs have been severely damaged. While it has been found that 30 percent may be recovering from the 1997-98 El Nino disaster, some reefs found in the Caribbean have shown no signs of recovery since 1998. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TJelnin1.rtf

The Effects of Weather and Climate on Hair
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This 5 page paper delves into the science of hair behavior. The hair-driven hygrometer is explored. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA214hr.rtf

The Effects of Zinc Occupancy on Human O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Allkyltranferase
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This 15 page paper provides an overview of the effects of zinc occupancy on human o6-alkylguanine-DNA allkyltranferase. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: MHExpZin.rtf

The Electric Car
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This 5 page paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of electric cars, how they operate, looking at the motor the motor controller and the batteries and also considers the current status of the market for electric cars at this stage of the technology. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEelecar.rtf

The Electrical System of the Heart
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A 4 page overview of the hearts various parts and how they respond to electrical stimuli. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPhrtElectrical.rtf

The End of the Universe: Trefil's Theories on and Ending Involving Fire Verses Ice
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A 4 page discussion of the question of whether our universe will end in fire or ice. The author reviews the predictions of James S. Trefil to conclude that there is no definitive answer as to whether the universe will ultimately end in fire or ice, only speculation and opinion. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPuniver.rtf

The Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal
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7 pages. The Hawaiian monk seal is an endangered species. There are only six breeding locations left in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This paper will focus on how and why the population has begun to decline and the problem of genetic variability in some of the breeding populations which inevitably leads to problems within the species. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAmseal.rtf

The Endangered Species: Ivory from Elephants
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5 pages. The African elephant is threatened with extinction and the trade in their ivory was forbidden in 1989 by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). There is still, however, a serious poaching problem because ivory remains to be a highly sought after product. The implications of this illegal trade and the demand for it is discussed along with the organizations and groups that are involved. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAivory.rtf

The Endocrine System
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A 10 page overview of the endocrine system. Includes specific information on the Ovary (follicle and corpus luteum), Testis, Pancreas, Adrenal glands (medulla and cortex), Thymus, Parathyroid gland, Thyroid, Posterior pituitary gland, Anterior pituitary gland, Hypothalamus and the Pineal gland as well as on their function, hormones, and regulators. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Endsys.doc

The Ethics of Bioengineered Foods
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A 5 page review of the purported advantages and disadvantages of bioengineered foods. Outlines the history of bioengineering and introduces the concept of bioethics. Concludes that bioethics are both shaped by and shape societal perceptions of wrong and right. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPbioEnF.wps

The Ethics Of Human Cloning
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A 5 page paper. There is an ongoing debate regarding the ethics of cloning. This essay presents both the benefits and dangers of cloning humans. The writer then presents an argument to support one side of the issue. 1 table is included. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGhumcl2.rtf

The Ethics of Human Cloning
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9 pages in length. The volatile controversy concerning cloning is not one that is easily solved. When perusing several articles on the subject of cloning, there are any number of excellent arguments on each side of the issue; however, many of these arguments are nothing more than scare tactics or ridiculous claims that are not valid in the scientific field on which this is based. This paper presents the ethical issues involved with the topic of human cloning. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JGAclone.wps

The Evolution of Birds from Dinosaurs
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An 11 page overview of the evolutionary path of the modern day birds. Discusses the controversy and debate surrounding the question of the speculated origin of birds from dinosaurs. Discusses the current findings in the field and the need for additional research. Identifies twenty common elements between the earliest known birds and the coelurosaurian dinosaurs. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Evodino.wps

The Evolution of Teeth
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A 10 page outline of the evolution of teeth from the lower vertebrates to more advanced species such as man. Describes the origin of jaw structure and structures such as conodonts (minute toothlike structures) which were the precursors of advanced teeth. Outlines the further evolution of these teeth in the higher mammals with the appearance of features like the hypocone which expanded the grinding surface of teeth and resulted in an explosion of mammal species some forty thousand years ago. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPevTeth.wps

The Evolution of the Scientific Revolution
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An 8 page outline of some of the major steps of the scientific revolution which spanned the Renaissance through the eighteenth century. The author explores the work of some of the most noteworthy scientists of all time but also points out that many discoveries can be attributed to novice hobbyists. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPsciRev.rtf

The Evolution-Creationism Debate
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This 5 page paper examines both points of view and concludes that these are not necessarily competing theories and may even complement each other. The debate is discussed and each concept is defined and explored. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA512evo.rtf

The Extinction Vortex in Regard to Bees
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This 8 page paper discusses the “extinction vortex” with regard to what it is and how it is used. It also examines such things as the sex ratio, population size and lethal recessive allele with regard to species survival. Finally, it discusses the apparent die-off of bees in the U.S. and considers reasons for it. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: HVExtVor.rtf

The Flea in History
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A 10 page overview of the flea and its impact on human history. This paper describes the natural history of the flea and its impact as a vector on its human host. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPbioFleas.rtf

The Forest Biome
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This 10 page paper is a PowerPoint presentation with accompanying notes. The presentation looks at temperate forest biomes, giving general background on biomes to place the temperate forest biome in the broader context, looks at the characteristics and gives examples of different types of symbiotic relationships and compares this to a freshwater biome which may boarder with it. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEbiomef.rtf

The Fringe Science of Astrology
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This 3 page paper investigates whether or not astrology has a scientific basis. The discipline is explored. The scientific link for this "fringe science" is explained. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA440ast.rtf

The Future of Geography
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This 5 page paper examines two different articles on geography as a discipline. Are external factors more influential than in the past? Why is this the case? How the discipline is viewed and why things should change are issues examined in the scope of this thoughtful piece. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA519geo.rtf

The Future of Plant Breeding
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This 6 page paper assumes that plant breeding progress will depend upon the efficient use of genetic resources. Genetic engineering is discussed and the future of plant breeding is looked at from both a practical and legal perspective. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA023Bio.rtf

The Future of Space Exploration
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A 5 page paper which discusses the future of space exploration. The paper also briefly discusses the history of space exploration. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAspace.rtf

The Future of Stem Cell Research
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An 11 page overview of the current state of stem cell research and its potential for future benefit. Lamenting the current governmental restrictions on embryonic stem cell research, this paper emphasizes the myriad of possibilities that stem cell research holds in terms of improving human life. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPstemC7.rtf

The Garnet / A Geological Overview
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A 5 page review of the gem stone garnet. Includes information on its geology, associated species of minerals, and its processing. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Garnet.wps

The Genetic Engineering Controversy
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This 4 page paper addresses the problem of food supply and the role of genetic engineering. One article is used as a springboard for discussion. This short paper is separated into three parts, and questions are answered, as requested by a student. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA440gen.rtf

The Genetic Pathway and Developmental Evolution
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A 7 page discussion of genetic pathways, specifically the direction of the orderly expression of specific gene subsets, a process which is controlled by tissue-specific transcription factors. Specific DNA target sequences are bound by these transcription factors and, in turn, interact with one another on either a cooperative basis or an antagonistic basis to control expression of the gene subsets. This interaction is aided as well by extracellular signaling molecules which both control and are controlled by the transcription factors. Ties these basic observations together with a review of research on species as diverse as Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish. An additional 2 pages are appended on this paper which identify several references which could be applicable in an expanded review of this subject. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PPgenePt.wps

The Geological Rock Cycle
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A 5 page discussion of the geological rock cycle. Clarifies that that cycle is composed of three major processes, the igneous, the metamorphic, and the sedimentary processes and delineates the various components of each. Includes a diagram retrieved from the Internet which illustrates the processes involved in this cycle. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PProckCy.wps

The Geology of Biscayne National Park (Florida)
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A 4 page description of limestone and reef formation in Biscayne National Park. The author describes processes and the complex ecology that has resulted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPgeoBis.rtf

The Geology of Hydrothermal Vents
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A 9 page discussion of the unique geology of hydrothermal vents. The subterranean processes which result in these vents also results in the expulsion of numerous minerals to the surface of the ocean floor. These mineral deposits form distinctive features which are potentially valuable not only from an aesthetic and ecological standpoint but mining standpoint. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPocnVn2.rtf

The Geology of the Grand Canyon
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A 6 page paper discussing the stratification and geological history of this haven for geologists. The allure for geologists is that the canyon itself is geologically very young, but that the formations through which it is cut are very old. This gives insight to the geological record that otherwise would not be possible. The paper discusses the stratification and geological history of the canyon. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSGrCanyon.wps

The Geology of the Manitou Springs Formation
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16 pages. The purpose of this paper is to explain the geological history and significance of the Manitou Springs formation in Colorado. Also included will be the area referred to as the Garden of the Gods in Colorado Springs, Colorado. These geological sites are made up of a myriad of interesting formations forming over millions of years. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: JAmnitou.rtf

The Good Ship "Lead Balloon"
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This 5 page paper argues for the construction of a spaceship made of lead, powered by solar energy. The ship will be called (obviously) the "Lead Balloon" and all nations of the world will join in the exploration lead by the new vessel. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVLedBal.rtf

The Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
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A 6 page overview of the behavior, ecology, and management concerns which exist for this fascinating carnivore. The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is not only one of the most impressive of the large North American mammals it is also one of the most misunderstood. Recent conservation efforts have been successful in reviving an almost extinct population but this success has not been without its problems. As wolf populations expand their threat to man, whether perceived or real, grows. This paper emphasizes that proper management of the gray wolf involves not just species specific management but ecosystem management as a whole. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPwolf.rtf