Superconductors; Super Science?
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This 11 page paper examines superconductors and superconductivity. The paper is written in the style of a science magazine article giving an overview of the subject. The writer outlines what superconductors are, who they work and brief history of their development before going on to look at their current and future potential in a wide range of uses form transportation and medial science through to warfare. The writer also looks at the occurrence of type one and type two superconductors including the their frequency on the periodic table and those that operate at the highest temperatures. The bibliography cites 8 sources.
Filename: TEsupcon.wps

Supercritical Fluid Extraction
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An 8 page paper discussing the mechanism and technology of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). It gains increasing favor in that it uses supercritical fluids that are primarily inert gases moved beyond critical point by heat or pressure changes and has been able to replace the use of organic solvents in many types of applications. While there is reduced solvency for some compounds when compared to results possible with organic solvents, the environmental and regulatory benefits of avoiding those organic solvents contribute to the increasing popularity of supercritical fluid extraction. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSsuperFluEx.wps

Supermassive Black Holes
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This 6 page paper explores two theories that explain how supermassive black holes are formed. The black hole is defined and explored. Theories about the creation of the universe, and when black holes originated are a part of the discussion. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA723Sup.rtf

Supernovas -- Stars On Their Death Bed
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This 6 page research paper describes the phenomenon of supernova, their various types, and occurrences. Research concerning particular supernovas (1987a, 1993j, etc;) is presented and the specific processes as we understand them thus far are explained in great detail. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Supernov.wps

Synaptic Transmission
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This 5 page paper examines the process of synaptic transmission. The paper starts with the historical view, looking at the way understanding has developed. The processed themselves are then outlined and the paper ends by considering how imbalances can result in clinical conditions. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEsynaptic.rtf

Talbot's The Holographic Universe
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This 4 page paper examines the book and provides the main idea. Thoughts about time travel and linear time are included. The hologram is explained as a metaphor. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA551THU.rtf

Taming Fat
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An 8 page paper discussing some of the discoveries associating obesity with genetic predisposition. Obesity is approaching “epidemic” levels in the United States, and along with its increase also are rises in incidence of diabetes. Diabetes’ high blood sugar damages organs, including the heart, kidneys and eyes. Diabetes is in itself a risk factor for heart disease, and we have known for years that high serum cholesterol (i.e., fat) constitutes a separate risk factor for heart disease as well. The purpose here is to trace fat’s progress and examine some of the factors resulting in some people being lean, others becoming obese while practicing very similar dietary habits. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSfat.rtf

TECHNICAL WRITING AND EXPOSITORY WRITING
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This 4-page paper explains differences between technical and expository writing. Also discussed are differences betwen technical and creative writing. Technical writing samples are presented. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MTtechwrit.rtf

Techniques for the Study of Cells
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This 3 page paper provides an overview on how a microbiologist studies cells. Various techniques are discussed inclusive of cell fractionation. The importance of PCR testing is also touched on. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA347DNA.rtf

Techniques Used in Cell Biology
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This 5 page paper outlines the view that the study of cellular function and the variety of different techniques used in cell biology relate to the complexity of cellular structures. Theorists like Warren Weaver, for example, recognized the concept of “organized complexity” and related this in terms of efforts to provide a rational account of biological organization. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHCelBio.rtf

Techniques Used in Cell Biology
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This 15 page paper addresses this major issue. Recent studies have focused on the ability to monitor expression of genes in a bacterium, especially in those bacteria with genome that have been sequenced. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that has recently been sequenced, and this study attempts to determine the elements that change the expression, including upregulation and down regulations of the genome of E. coli. This study provides a view of the impacts of environmental conditions (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerobic or the presence of potassium nitrate) on the expression of E. coli-12. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MHEcoli2.rtf

Technological and Scientific Developments of the 1940s
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A 5 page discussion of a few of the scientific and technological breakthroughs which occurred in the 1940s. Details are provided on the development of our understanding of disease epidemiology and treatment, the invention of streptomycin and the first human anthrax vaccination, and various inventions which would prove of phenomenal impact to the world as a whole. The inventions noted include plastics, the fax machine, and the atomic bomb. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PP1940s.rtf

Technological Innovations in Farming
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A 9 page overview of the diversity of technological innovations which have made their way into modern agricultural practice. These include everything from the use of genetically engineered plants, to the control of pests and disease, to the use of plants and animals as bioreactors in molecular farming. Specific areas of farming now entail a number of technological considerations which were only a figment of science fiction just a few years ago. Many of these innovations have resulted in the ever increasing pressure to feed the world’s masses and to provide certain products which are of pharmaceutical or industrial use. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPfarmTc.rtf

Technology in Golf
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This 5 page paper looks at the influence of chemistry and design on the game of golf from the shaft of a club to the tees and balls that the club will hit. The paper also considers 'illegal' golf equipment. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEgolftc.wps

Temperature Effects on Behavior
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A 7 page paper discussing the link between increased temperature and increase aggressive behavior. Increased irritability, inability to concentrate on routine tasks and a general lack of patience with small irritations all can be called signs of heat frustration. Even when temperatures are not high enough to cause physical problems, several studies indicate that increased temperatures do have a direct connection with increased aggressive behavior. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KStempEffect.wps

Temperature Regulation in Animals
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A 5 page review of thermoregulation in animals. Discusses the differences between ectothermia and endothermia in reptiles, fish, mammals and birds. Discusses animals classified as poikilothermic, having a body temperature which fluctuates widely, and those classified as homeothermic, having a narrowly constricted body temperature range. Includes a representative graph of these variations and a graphic showing bones structure and its relevance. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TempReg.wps

Testing an Empirical Method / Salivary Cortisol
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A 4 page review of a controlled study that shows that a method used to determine hormone levels in children was flawed because the stimulus used inflated results in 1,418 salivary cortisol tests on children. By testing the method, the authors exposed how some child development studies may have inflated findings. The authors propose means for improving the method and eradicating errors in existing studies. Bibliography lists a single source.
Filename: Cnchdev.wps

The ‘Biology’ of Cloning: Its Importance and Potential Impacts
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In six pages this paper examines the importance of cloning to the science of plant and animal biology and also considers its potential impacts on medicine, agriculture, economics, criminal justice, and society as a whole. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGcloning.rtf

The "Universality" of the Genetic Code: Two Explanations
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A 3 page overview of the two primary theories concerning the creation of life. These theories are the Big Bang theory and the Creationist theory. While significant effort has been expended demonstrating the validity of the Big Bang theory, there always remains the exceptions in the so-called universal genetic code that are not explained. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPgenCod.rtf

The 1985 Mexico City Earthquake
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This 5 page paper discusses the devastating earthquake in Mexico City in 1985 from a geological perspective. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVmexquk.rtf

The 1988 Piper Alpha Oil Platform Disaster: Background, Risk Assessment and Analysis
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the background of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster, risk assessment and analysis. The Piper Alpha oil platform disaster which resulted in 167 deaths in 1988 became the center of several safety and risk assessment inquiries and analyses. Several systems on board the platform had failed which included mechanical, communication and safety measures which if operating properly could have lessened the disaster considerably. Since that time, oil companies, insurance companies, investors and workers have all had to make their own risk assessments in regards to continuation of the production of oil from off-shore platforms. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJPiper1.rtf

The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
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11 pages in length. It was at 5:04 P.M. on Tuesday, October 17, 1989, and more than sixty-two thousand fans were inside Candlestick Park for the third game of the World Series. At the same time the San Francisco Bay Area commute started into its heaviest flow. It was exactly at this time that a Richter magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck California. It was, as some have described it, an emergency planner's worst-case scenario. This paper considers some of the major challenges faced during this disaster. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JGAquake.wps

The 2006 Hurricane Season: The Importance of Predictions
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A 3 page review of NOAA's 2006 hurricane predictions. Although these predictions did not pan out, they should still be received seriously if life and property is to be adequately protected. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPhur2006.rtf

The Advantages Of Bioengineering
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6 pages in length. Despite the throngs of critics who oppose the use of bioengineering in current endeavors, this scientific strategy has only begun to open doors that have otherwise never before been accessible. There are myriad possibilities for people's lives to become enhanced in ways that have not ever existed; researchers have only just applied the very tip of what technological mastery they have uncovered. The writer discusses how rapid advances in bioengineering not only represent humanity's ongoing quest for a more pleasurable existence, but also how it symbolizes the ability to provide where nature leaves off. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCBioEn.wps

The All Macaw Group
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A 10 page paper examining an Internet membership group in terms of composition, function, operation and differences from traditional mass media. This form of communication is one in which many can take part, but it still retains the form of exchange between individuals. This provides a significant difference between the group and traditional mass media. The other primary difference is that it is the group members, rather than the list owner, who determine what the content and topics of discussion will be. An appendix fills half of the paper; the appendix tracks group activity for 10 consecutive days, giving a synopsis of discussion topics in this group that has only 123 members but averaged nearly 17 posts daily over 10 days. The group’s focus is the care and breeding of macaw parrots. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSallMacaw.rtf

The American Alligator / Alligator Mississippiensis
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A 5 page overview of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Includes information on its evolutionary relationship to the crocodile, its reproductive strategy, habitat preferences, subsistence patterns and other behavior. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Alligat2.wps

The Amygdala and the Physiology of Fear
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A 7 page discussion of how the amygdale in particular controls the body's reaction to fear. This paper reviews this reaction on a neuronal level, exploring both the normal and the abnormal reaction to outside stimuli. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPfearAm.rtf

The Anasazi of the Great Basin
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A 16 page paper discussing the history and fate of the Anasazi, ancestors of the Pueblos occupying the American Southwest for a period of time measured in thousands of years. The Anasazi disappeared abruptly, however, in the 13th century. Investigation points to drought, but some researchers believe that the Anasazi committed environmental missteps that eventually led to their demise. The paper traces some of the early cultural changes, discusses the water cycle and presents results of research focusing on and Anasazi. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: KSanasazi.rtf

The Animal Language Controversy
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A 5 page discussion of language. Explains the evolution of language in humans both in terms of innate capability and as being an evolution which occurred as a result of environmental stimuli. Concludes that while animals have an innate capability for language they have not experienced the need for more complex evolutionary aspects of the basic forms of language that they currently exhibit. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPlngAni.wps

The Autonomic Nervous System
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A 6 page research paper that offers an overview of the autonomic nervous system, with a particular focus on the function and purpose of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of this system. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khans.rtf

The Bartrams / A Special View of Nature
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a 4 page research paper that looks at Thomas P. Slaughter's account of the lives of John and William Bartram--father and son, they were two of America's first horticulturists and botanists. Ahead of their times in many ways, the writer shows that science is substantiating many of their opinions. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Bartrams.wps

The Basic Chemistry of Food
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This 13 page paper considers the basic chemistry of food looking at the role and composition of lipids and polymers, the role that the chemical compounds have on sensory perception such as taste and smell as well as the role of amino acids, protein, Maillard Browning, gelatin, carbohydrates, flour mixtures, pigments and pectin. The paper includes 2 tables. The bibliography cites 14 sources.
Filename: TEfoodch.wps

The Basic Principles of Physics: An Examination of the Contentions of Nineteenth Century Physicist Albert Michelson
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A 4 page examination of Michelson's contention that in regard to physics "most of the grand underlying principles have now been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice". The author contends that Michelson's contention is still applicable even today. While we continue to make "astonishing" discoveries, we have yet to conclusively demonstrate that the basic physical processes underlying those discoveries significantly deviate from the basic physical principles known by Michelson. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPphysic.rtf

The Benefits of Genetically Modified Food
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A 9 page discussion of the benefits of bioengineering, the genetic alteration of food species. Presents the contention that genetically altered food species are the key to feeding the world's ever increasing population on the ever decreasing agricultural areas. Counters objections to bioengineering and concludes that it is the people themselves who should decide the direction of bioengineering. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPfoodGn.wps

The Benefits of Integrated Pest Management
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5 pages. The purpose of integrated pest management is to utilize the management of destruction by pests to crops and other agriculture with as little damage to the environment as possible. By using a system of integration we can cut down on the harmful chemicals and poisons that often harm the ecological balance. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAipest.rtf

The Benefits of Space Exploration
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A 7 page essay on some of the benefits realized through the efforts of the nation's space programs. Critics maintain that the billions spent on space exploration would be better used in other ways, that there are no actual benefits realized aside from boosted egos. Topics the paper addresses include: ozone studies, medical advances of MRI and telemedicine, light touches on robotics, the cable TV industry and Teflon®, and their effect both on the nation's people and on the national economy. FREE outline included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Spaceex2.wps

The Benefits of Using Fluorite in Jewelry Making
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This 3 page paper discusses the mineral fluorite and its use in making jewelry. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVFlrite.rtf

The Biblical View of Science, Technology, and Business
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A 4 page discussion of the contrast that has existed between Biblical teaching, science, technology and business. The author examines the evolution that has occurred over time in the way we view our world. Particular attention is paid to the eighteenth century. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPsciBbl.rtf

The Big Bang Theory
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This 3 page paper discusses the Big Bang Theory that explains the beginning of the universe. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVBigBng.rtf

The Bioaccumulation of Toxins in the Canadian Arctic
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the bioaccumulation of toxins in the Canadian Arctic. Presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which include pesticides, industrial compounds, and combustion by-products are one of the major environmental and health concerns within the Canadian Arctic regions today. Measurement of POP bioconcentration or bioaccumulation levels within the Arctic have determined that the toxic contaminants primarily do not originate within the Arctic and therefore are transported there through air or water currents or migratory animals. The contaminants are considered persistent because they are able to exist for a great length of time and can tolerate many conditions. POPs are also lipophilic in which they are concentrated in the fats of animals. Because of this, bioaccumulation levels are higher in those animals which are higher on the food chain such as humans and polar bears as the contaminants get passed on through the digestion of the fat of animals with POPs in their system and makes them an extreme health hazard. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJtoxic1.rtf