Review of “Does Race Exist?”
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page review of an article appearing in Scientific American in 2003 discussing genetic similarities and differences between and within those groups of humans that we commonly refer to as races. The authors discuss the role that Alu polymorphism carries in distinguishing broad groups of people and the limitations of using the measure to categorize humans. The authors explain that some who appear to be quite similar can be quite different genetically, while the reverse is also true. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KSraceArtRev.rtf

Review of “The Five Biggest Ideas in Science” by Charles M. Wynn and Arthur W. Wiggins
[ send me this paper ]
This is a 5 page paper discussing the text “The Five Biggest Ideas in Science” by Charles M. Wynn and Arthur W. Wiggins. Wynn and Wiggins are successful in integrating the five areas of science in a simple, understandable manner and this text should be used as a fundamental science text for courses across campuses. The book includes cartoons and illustrations by the famous artist Sidney Harris to help clarify concepts with humor. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJIdeas1.rtf

Review of "Newly Discovered Molecule is a Clue to the Spread of AIDS"
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing newly discovered information reported in a 2001 issue of The New York Times and its implication for promoting understanding of AIDS/HIV infection. This discovery is that the HIV virus is able to attack the first line of defense against invasion, the CD-4 cells responsible for collecting invading particles and delivering them to the lymph nodes where the first real attack is mounted. This ability of the HIV virus to replicate while contained in the CD-4 cells effectively turns them into "Trojan horses" by the time they reach the lymph nodes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSaids-NYT.wps

Review of Mayan Article
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page paper which analyzes and reacts to an article about Mayan civilization. The article examined is “Sacred secrets of the caves” by Bruce Bower. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAmya.rtf

Review of the 1998 Article: 'Mission Control - Politics, Not Size, Is the Real Threat to Megaprojects at NASA'
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page report discusses NASA's Apollo I, Apollo XIII, and The Challenger disasters and whether or not there was a common thread in the various decision making processes that ultimately led to the problems encountered by each of the missions. No secondary sources.
Filename: BWapollo.wps

REVIEWING WATER QUALITY
[ send me this paper ]
This 4-page paper is a general review of water quality and includes topics such as acidity, alkalinity, hardness and softness as well as water quality standards and distribution. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MTwatqua.rtf

Revolutions In Physics
[ send me this paper ]
5 pages in length. The manner by which ideas of Ernst Mach, Henri Poincare, Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg represent a revolution in physics becomes significantly clear when one examines the extent to which science has modified human existence, particularly when compared with Newtonian physics from the previous century. Understanding each man's unique contributions provides for the student to gain a better perspective upon just how much of an impact their respective discoveries had upon the entire global population. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCphysc.wps

Revolutions in Science and Technology
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page research paper that discusses advancements and innovations. This examination of scientific creative innovation begins with the medicine and the penicillin revolution, but then looks also at the examples of creative revolutions that have occurred in the contemporary era and concludes with observations bout the way in which scientific and technological creativity tends to overlap. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khrevsct.rtf

Risk Assessment of Four Nuclear Plant Designs
[ send me this paper ]
The UK government has given the go-ahead to the building of a new generation of nuclear power stations. Four designs are being assessed; the Areva EPR, Westinghouse AP1000, Candu ACR 1000 and GE ESBWR. This 17 page paper looks at each of these deigns and their safety features, consider the use of probabilistic risk assessment is outline and an event tree is presented for a large lost of coolant event. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEnuclearr.rtf

River Temperature Changes
[ send me this paper ]
This 6 page paper provides information about why river temperature changes and how it affects aquatic life, amongst other things. Causes and results are discussed specifically and generally in respect to water temperature throughout the world . Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: SA203tmp.rtf

RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper that considers the importance of the RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme in the process of gene regulation. This paper specifically looks at genetic transcription and the necessity of purification in the utilization of the enzyme in scientific processes. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Biochem.wps

RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme Protocol For Purification
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper that discusses the protocol for purifying the holoenzyme and demonstrates a procedure, outlined by Koleske, Chao and Young for the purification of the holoenzyme in yeast samples. In order to provide the greatest efficacy in the purification process, this paper also outlines the sampling suggestions promoted by Koleske, Chao and Young. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Poly.wps

ROBERT GODDARD AND ROCKETS
[ send me this paper ]
This 6-page paper examines the life and biography of scientist Robert Goddard, and how his studies in rocketry during the early 20th century ultimately led to the success of the U.S. space program. Also touched on is how Germany used Goddard's theories to invent the V-2 rocket, the forerunner of the rockets that eventually landed the Apollo spacecrafts on the moon. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: MTgoddar.rtf`

Robert Park/"Voodoo Science"
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page summation and analysis of Robert Park's Voodoo Science. In this text, Park explores the various ways that the media and the public mistake scientifically-couched fictions for scientific fact. In reviewing this, the writer focuses on the example given by Park pertaining the presumed discovery of "cold fusion" in Utah in 1989. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khvoodoo.wps

Robotic Telescopes
[ send me this paper ]
This 20 page paper discusses the telescopes that are in use, some of their extraordinary findings, and several software systems that can be used with these robots. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: HVRobots.rtf

Rockets and Newton's Second Law of Motion
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing the operation of a rocket as proof for Newton's second law, f = ma, and also briefly discusses Mach's ability to condense all of Newton's three laws of motion into a single one. All of Newton's laws of motion - or Mach's single derivation - come into play with the launch and operation of a rocket. The very action of a rocket can be said to prove Newton's second law. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSrockets.wps

Role of Minerals Human Physiology
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page research paper that discusses the functions of six essential minerals in human physiology: sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, iodine and sulfur. Then, the writer describes the functions of 3 buffer systems in metabolism. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: khhupmin.rtf

Role of p53 Mutations in Cancer
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page research paper investigates how a gene, p53, that normally regulates cell growth has been implicated as a factor in the development of numerous cancers when it mutates due to DNA damage. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khp53.wps

Romney Marsh over the Last 2000 Years
[ send me this paper ]
This 9 page paper examines Romney Marsh: an area in Kent, South East England which has seen the land rise and fall creating and then reclaiming land. The paper explores evolution of the landscape over 2000 years and how humans and the landscape have evolved. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEromney.rtf

Rye: Secale cereale x Secale montanum
[ send me this paper ]
Breeding for Ergot Resistance in Perennial Cereal A 10 page discussion of the selective breeding processes which go into developing a better-performing agricultural strain. Outlines the importance of rye and historical breeding efforts. Discusses traditional breeding techniques and contrasts them with more modern procedures such as tissue culture and bioengineering. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPryeCer.wps

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Brewer's Yeast)
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page overview of the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Describes the organism as one which has been utilized by man for over one-thousand years. Typical uses include not only that as a leavening for bread and fermentation for liquor, however, but also experimental utilization in many biochemical and genetic investigations. Comments on the factors which influence the growth and reproduction of this organism in its natural environment and in the laboratory. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPyeast.wps

Salmon: The Needs of a Sustainable Fishery
[ send me this paper ]
A 9 page discussion of the factors impacting the salmon populations of the Northwest coast. Addresses several normative economic questions regarding the value of the fishery and management efforts. Identifies damning as the primary impact and outlines the most appropriate management approach. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPsalmQs.wps

San Andreas Fault
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper which researches information on the San Andreas Fault. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAsnad.rtf

Sarcomere Contraction
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page research paper that discusses this aspect of the muscular system. A "sarcomere" is the "smallest functional unit of a muscle," which is composed "mainly of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin," with a single sarcomere extending from z-band to the next ("Sarcomere"). The following discussion examines sarcomere contraction, the importance of good nutrition and respiration to contraction and, specifically, what occurs at a synapse when a neuron stimulates a muscle cell. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khsarcom.rtf

Sauer and Semple on Geography
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page paper provides an overview of Sauer and Semple's views on geography. The works of Carl Sauer and Ellen Churchill Semple represent a considerable body of work on geography, environmental issues and the impacts of humans on the world. Though Sauer and Semple have developed distinct views of the processes of geographic change, Sauer is often considered to be in direct opposition to Semple's environmental determinism and human ecology. This paper considers this supposition. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: MHSauer.rtf

Saving America's Trees
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page report discusses the importance of saving America's trees and briefly considers some of the problems being faced in conservation efforts. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWtrees.rtf

Schwann Cells / Their Function & Relationship to Axon Cells
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page overview of Schwann cells and their relationship to axons. Illustrates that Schwann cells are supportive in nature to the neural axons and that each is critical in the passage of information between cells. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Schwannc.wps

Science and Humanity: A Review of C.P. Snow's "The Two Cultures"
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page discussion of C.P. Snow's belief that our society is split into two separate components: an artistic component and a scientific component. Snow believed that the responsibility of healing all of the world's wounds fell to scientists. He believed that technology should be promulgated to all regions of the world regardless of the humanistic and environmental impacts of that technology. This paper presents the contrasting views of Jacob Bronowski and Frank Raymond Leavis and points to hydroelectric dams as evidence that technology is not always the most optimal solution. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPtwoClt.rtf

Science And Religion: History's Ultimate Test
[ send me this paper ]
13 pages in length. Science and religion - perhaps in another place and time - would never have the occasion to infiltrate each other's unique worlds, inasmuch as no matter how hard people attempt to bring them together as complementary forces, they are - and have long been - destined to remain at opposite ends of the spectrum. Annotated bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCScinzRlg.rtf

Science and the Koran
[ send me this paper ]
This 22 page paper examines the Koran, or Qur'an and the science that is presented in the text. The paper argues that this religious text presents a large amount of scientific fact before the knowledge existed to prove the claims. Much of the fact could not be understood for many centuries until science caught up with the writing. This paper considers aspects of embryology and human development as well as astrology, cosmology and physics, including the creation and big bang theory, as well as the existence of black holes. The discussion includes consideration of the translation and context of the text as well as the way that it may, or may not be seen accurate with today's scientific knowledge. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEkoransci.rtf

Science and the Underdetermination of Theory by Evidence
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page discussion of underdetermination and bridge theory. This paper explains qualitative verses quantatative research and induction vs. deduction in the framework of the scientific process. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPsciUnderdetermination.rtf

Science Cannot Reach Definite Conclusions
[ send me this paper ]
This 4 page thesis paper supports the point of view that science is not definite. Two articles --one by Stephen J. Gould and the other by Fox--are compared and contrasted. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA709sci.rtf

Science Considered in Peter Kosso's "Reading the Book of Nature"
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper which examines whether or not science generates truth. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGscitru.wps

Science History of the Romantic Period
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing the qualities of the period of 1770-1830 in scientific advancement. The age of enlightenment is associated with order and reason; progress and change belongs to the 19th century. A.L. DeJussieu (1748 – 1836), C.F. Mirbel (1776 – 1854) and K Sprengel (1766 – 1833) all quietly contributed to the advancement of science in general - and botany in particular – during this time that would prove to provide preparation for rapidly-occurring advances in the future. Growing knowledge of what was ultimately led to speculation of what could be. By the end of the Romantic Period in 1830, the focus shifted toward work that could effect change, rather than merely explain why things existed as they did. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSsciHist.rtf

Science In The Latter Medieval Period
[ send me this paper ]
6 pages in length. The medieval period was rife with scientific discovery; from psychological to philosophical and medicinal to mathematical, the middle ages proved to cultivate and ultimately perpetuate ideas in copious numbers. The basis for medieval science, however, maintained its fundamental foundation within earlier teachings; with this knowledge, scientific minds of the middle ages were infinitely more able to apply their particular understanding. Indeed, scientific discovery is what the fundamental essence of life is based upon; without Aristotle's initial quest into the notion of logic, contemporary society would know nothing of the extraordinary influence science has had upon human existence ever since. The elements of deductive mathematics were another significant component of scientific evolution, while geography, astronomy and natural sciences soon took shape as separate and individual fields. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCmevil.wps

Science Questions
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page paper answers basic science questions about chemical reactions and strengths of materials. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVSciQue.rtf

Science Versus Art:
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page paper examines the assumption that science deals with truth and art deals with beauty. This paper seeks to determine how, in fact, these endeavors might actually be quite similar. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSArtSci.rtf

Science, Culture, and Religion: Ancient Greece and the Ancient Islamic Empire
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page paper which examines how culture and religion influenced the development of science in ancient Greece and the ancient Islamic empire. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAangani.rtf

Science, Pseudoscience and EMDR
[ send me this paper ]
This 6 page paper discusses the difference between science and pseudoscience, and why EMDR is a pseudoscientific treatment. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVpsusci.rtf

SCIENCE, RELIGION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE
[ send me this paper ]
This paper discusses how science and belief in God can be combined to determine the origins of the universe. Topics under discussion include the Biblical theory of the origin of life, as well as the Big Bang theory, widely recognized by scientists as the way the universe was formed. Bibliography lists 21 sources.
Filename: MTuniver.rtf