Chlorine: Overview
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3 pages in length. Like many other chemicals, chlorine is both a common and valuable compound found naturally in nature; however, its derivatives wreak havoc upon man and the environment when given to exposure. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCchlor.rtf

Choosing a Research Model
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5 pages in length. This paper explains the different approaches one might take in preparing a research tool. There are literally hundreds of different methods to collect and analyze the data, but they can all be broken down into two categories. Those procedures that do nothing more than summarize large groups of numbers are referred to as descriptive statistics because they are designed to solely describe the characteristics of a large group of numbers. The second category of techniques involves what is known as inferential statistics. In using this technique, the student goes beyond a simple description of the numbers he obtains to more generalized statements. Some of the topics include unobtrusive measures, quantitative and qualitative research, secondary sources and hypothesis. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGArsrch.wps

Choosing Organic Foods
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This 5 page paper explores whether or not organic food is actually more nutritious than food produced in traditional ways, and finds that in general, it is not. It has an advantage because it’s not raised using pesticides; however, that is frequently offset by the long distances it is trucked to the consumer. The paper suggests that people who can afford to buy organic (it’s generally 50% more than traditional food) might like to do so because they feel better and believe they are helping the environment. There is some doubt if either is true, but the perception may be enough to bring about a change in reality. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVOrgFud.rtf

Choosing Pharmacology As A Profession
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7 pages in length. The writer discusses the basic eighteen hours required by the pre-pharmacy program, as well as discusses what might make a student choose the pharmaceutical profession. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCphrma.wps

Chytridiomycosis Causes Amphibian Mortality
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A 5 page paper that discusses the causes of the dramatic decrease in the numbers of amphibians in Australia and Central America. The essay describes a study conducted by a group of scientists who not only found the cause of the declining population but who discovered a new fungus. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PGfrogsdie.rtf

Circadian Rhythms
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This 9 page paper looks at Circadian Rhythms and the Circadian Clock. Written in three parts the first part examined what they are how they work and how they differ from homeostatic regulations. The second part looks at how these rhythms impact on the airline industry. The third part looks at the effects of Circadian Desynchronization. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEcirrhythm.rtf

Circadian Rhythms: Ultimately in Control
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A 5 page paper discussing whether students who consciously choose early schedules for themselves might perform better than those waiting until much later in the day to begin their daily studies. The paper uses studies in the emerging field of chronobiology, which is devoted to the study of the circadian rhythms resident in all living organisms. There is not yet any empirical evidence linking academic performance to the circadian cycle, but there is ample evidence that even long-term shift workers adjust only psychologically, but not physiologically. As the field of chronobiology matures, it is reasonable to assume that the same link will be found between circadian rhythms and academic performance. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSsleepStu.wps

Clay
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A 9 page examination of the industrial mineral - clay. Paper explores its chemical and physical properties, origin, and industrial uses. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Clay.wps

Cleaner Plastics; Lifecycle and Recycling
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Plastics are associated with poor environmental practices consuming fossil fuels in their production and disposal. This 20 page paper considers the way in plastics production and recycling may be undertaken in a cleaner way. The paper focuses on recycling looking at the lifecycle from the recycling perspective including the creation of plastics using plants that result in biodegradable plastics as well as the ways in which plastics may be recycled. The bibliography cites 50 sources.
Filename: TEplastics.rtf

Climate & Geographic Change Between The Late Triassic & Jurassic Periods
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A 7 page paper that discusses these changes in light of the disappearance of the dinosaur. The writer suggests that although this is still a mystery (unknowable fact), the geographic changes (tectonic plate theory, sea-floor theory) and climate changes from warm, moist climate to boreal at the end of the era are believed to have contributed to the demise of the dinosaur. Dinosaur groups and extinction are also considered within these definitions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Mesozoic.wps

Climate Change
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This 5 page paper responds to some specific questions on climate change, incluidng what to do, the energy pyramid and its use and the role of Al Gore and the IPCC. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHClimChanARch.rtf

Climate Change and Soil Formation in Southern England
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An 8 page paper which examines how climate changes have affected the formation of soil in southern England over the past million years. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAsoile.rtf

Climate Change and Weather Forecasting
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This 3 page paper provides an overview of the factors influencing climate change and weather forecasting, especially in relationship to the Earth's energy budget. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHClimCha2.rtf

CLIMATE CHANGE, DIVERSITY, AND HOPE
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This 9page paper gives and in-depth look at the problems facing the planet and the decline of biodiversity. Examples given, solutions offered. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MBearthope.rtf

Climate Changes, the Ice Ages and Future Climate Changes
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This 7 page paper with diagrams responds to a variety of topics related to climate change, the ice ages, and future climate predictions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHClimatICEAGE.rtf

Climate: What The Future May Hold
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3 pages in length. The marked difference between the ability to predict climate changes fifty years from now and doing the same in a five-day forecast is found in the way the environment has steadily degraded over the years. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCClimate.rtf

Cloning
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A 5 page paper discussing the history of cloning and the untimely death of Millie, the first cow to be cloned in the US. Cloning has reached the point at which protocol is set and there is no anticipated reason that researchers could not produce a human clone. We have reached the brink of ethics, however, and it is yet unclear whether science should proceed. This debate forms the core of discussion surrounding cloning today. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KScloning.rtf

Cloning
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A 5 page paper which examines reproductive cloning v therapeutic cloning. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAcltu.rtf

Cloning
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6 pages. The author discusses the cloning of humans and the possible effects which could occur, if humans were cloned. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Clissu.wps

Cloning
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A 7 page paper which discusses the pros and cons of cloning, with the paper focusing on an argument in favor of certain kinds of cloning. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAclonys.rtf

Cloning is Wrong
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A 7 page paper research paper that discusses why human cloning is morally wrong. The writer offers a literature survey that concentrates on how people feels on this topic. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: khcloop.rtf

Cloning the Canine: Articles from the Popular Press and a Peer-Reviewed Journal
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A 6 page overview of the phenomenal success achieved in South Korea in 2005 with the first successful dog clone. This paper compares two articles detailing the experiment, one from a peer-reviewed journal and written by the primary researchers and another from the popular press. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPcloneD.rtf

Cloning: Contrasting Viewpoints
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A 5 page discussion of the societal retributions of human cloning. Illuminates the potentially positive impacts of cloning but weighs them against the more negative aspects such as the ethics of "making" children, the potential of the procedure only being within reach of the wealthy, and the problem of unauthorized use of the genetic material of another to meet one's own desires. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPclone.wps

Clutches and Clutch Plate Design
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A 5 page paper describing the structure and function of the automobile clutch and suggesting alternative materials that could be used to increase friction for both racing and street applications. Racing clutch manufacturers already are using a ceramic-metal alloy; the paper proposes eliminating the metal component. A ceramic material also is lighter weight, contributing to reduced stress on the engine’s crankshaft as well as on the transmission’s input shaft. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSclutches.rtf

Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of nine chapters of the book Cognitive Neuroscience. This paper outlines the principles of each of the chapter and links the perspectives presented to source information on cognitive development. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHbrain_.wps

Coho Salmon: Description and Life History
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A 7 page overview of the Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) one of the smallest of the salmon species. Describes the appearance and morphological characteristics as well as reproductive behavior. Emphasizes the importance of habitat to this species and the impacts which that habitat is experiencing. Includes a one page description of other related species such as the Chinook salmon and the herring family. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPcoho.wps

Color, Light and Time of Day
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A 4 page research paper that examines how the color of light and its perceived temperature appears to change throughout the day according to the position of the sun. The writer discusses this phenomenon in relation to showing this fact with photography. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khcoltod.rtf

Common Misconceptions Regarding Geography
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A 5 page paper which address three different misconceptions held by people in relationship to physical geography. As per the student's request, the opinions are provided by a famous individual, an acquaintance of this writer, and the writer themselves. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAgeogrph.wps

Communication Themes in Mowat’s “Observing Wolves” and Goodall’s “First Observations”
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This 5 page report discusses the two essays and the work of the authors in the context of how each demonstrates unique communication skills and understanding. Both writers present evidence that the communication that takes place within and between species cannot be dismissed lightly. No sources listed.
Filename: BWwolvcm.wps

Comparative Planetology
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This 5 page paper discusses some of the properties of the Earth, as well as the characteristics of the planets that make up the solar system. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: HVComPln.rtf

Comparing Potting Soil to Starter Soil (Science Fair Project)
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This 3 page paper is a tutorial that may help a student create a science fair project. This one provides specific information on soil comparisons. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA707sci.rtf

Comparing the size of the ONO bond angle in NO2 with NO2 -1 and NO3 -1
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This 4 page paper looks at how the size of the O-N-O bond angle in NO2 compares to the size of the O-N-O bond angles in NO2 -1 and NO3 -1 and explain how and why these differences occur. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEONObond.rtf

Comparison and Contrast of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Including Quality, Credibility, Reliability, Validity and Analysis
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This is a 20 page paper comparing and contrasting qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research methods are considerably different from those of quantitative research methods. Qualitative research methods are considered to be more dynamic, interactive and holistic in their approach than quantitative methods which are considered more deductive in their reasoning, objective in their observations, more defined and static in their collection, analysis and reporting. While qualitative methods provide for more narrative and detailed reports of certain phenomenon, quantitative methods allow for the study of larger populations and therefore can allow for more generalizations about a phenomenon. Whichever method is used for a particular study, researchers agree that the method should be appropriate for the subject being studied. Largely, quantitative methods are used in the physical sciences whereas studies in the social sciences lean toward qualitative methods or a combination of both research methods. Both methods are also supported by different aspects of quality, credibility, reliability and validity throughout their methodology. Bibliography lists 22 sources.
Filename: TJqures1.rtf

Competitive displacement and bimodal distribution, and keystone species
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A paper which looks in detail at the bimodal distribution of species resulting from competitive displacement, and also explains the importance of keynote species in ecological/ environmental management. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: JLbimod.rtf

Complexity Theory/Explaining Evolution
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A 5 page research paper that examines complexity theory as outlined by M. Mitchell Waldrop in his book Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos. The writer argues that this theory supports evolutionary theory. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khwalcom.wps

Computer Modeling Is Valid In Science And Can Be Considered A "Realistic" Model To A Certain Degree
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7 pages in length. Technology has changed the face of humanity in ways that are sometimes incalculable. From the time of the scientific revolution, the extent to which technological advances have modified the tried and true ways of myriad operations has been felt in innumerable ways. Introducing such revolutionary concepts as were developed during the scientific revolution truly transformed the way in which the world operated. So many inventions changed how people lived their lives that it was not difficult to leave behind the archaic in favor of the new and improved. The social and political influence these discoveries had upon any individual country was no different than what was experienced throughout the rest of the world. Such dynamic inventions and breakthroughs affected the world's societies in much the same way; their very distinction proved to be a significant gesture toward future growth. When one considers the notion of computer modeling as a valid science to a certain degree, it is by way of this past period of enlightenment that one can truly accept this as fact. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCCmMdl.rtf

Concepts and Analysis of Stephen J. Gould’s Essay “Dolly’s Fashion and Louis’s Passion”
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This is a 4 page paper discussing Gould’s essay “Dolly’s Fashion and Louis’s Passion”. Anthropologist Stephen J. Gould questions in his essay “Dolly’s Fashion and Louis’s Passion” (2000) man’s presumed need to always present components within the world in categories and dichotomies. He argues that human life is filled with such “foibles” and conflicts as firstly “our need to create order in a complex world begets our worst mental habit: dichotomy” and second that “many deep questions about our loves and livelihood, and fates of nations, truly have no answers”. One of the most prevalent dichotomies which seems to annoy Gould the most and which leads man down many false paths is that of the “nature versus nurture” debate; or the “genetic versus environmental sources of human abilities and behaviors”. The fact this question is always an “either-or dichotomy verges on the nonsensical” according to Gould. He then proceeds to highlight two particular modern readings in which the scientific perspective (nature) is presented but the environmental (nurture) perspective is ignored because of today’s preference for the scientific theory. Despite the current trend of today, Gould and some educators do not ignore the centuries of debate which have also discussed the nurture component and more importantly for Gould, readers should be aware that this debate (and others) should not be considered as “either-or”. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJGould1.rtf

Considerations in Stem Cell Research
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A 3 page discussion of the most recent developments in stem cell research. These developments are accentuated by the discovery of the potential utility of amniotic stem cells. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPstemCell2007tech.rtf

Content Analysis and the Authority of Quantification
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This 12 page paper considers the issue of the use of content analysis for studies of science and technology presented in the mass media and suggests that this type of analysis reveals by the choice itself an unnecessary attachment to the apparent authority of quantification. This paper helps to critically discuss this proposition, especially as it relates to the impact of quantitative research designs and increasing support for qualification over content analysis in studies of science and technology. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MHanaly_.wps

Context Dependent Memory
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A 5 review of the research literature pertaining to context dependent memory, which is how elements in the setting of where something is learned (that is, the context) affects the process of memory. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: 00condep.wps