Bernoulli's Principle
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5 pages in length. Bernoulli's Principle, named after the Swiss Mathematician Daniel Bernoulli, provides the basis upon which air and speed equal pressure. In its most basic form, Bernoulli's Principle is responsible for establishing the inherent relationship between velocity and pressure as they relate to slow-moving air. While other principles address the issues associated with high pressure and force, Bernoulli's Principle asserts that fast moving air creates lower pressure than slow moving air. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCbern.wps

Biochemistry Of Exercise
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11 pages in length. Exercise, along with proper nutrition and an otherwise healthful lifestyle, helps make the body and mind a sound working relationship. Not many people stop to consider the physiological implications of exercise beyond their muscular appearance and heart performance, yet there are myriad considerations to be made when it comes to understanding just how the body functions while exercising. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TLCbioex.rtf

Bioconversion; Converting Non-Protein to Protein
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This 5 page paper considers the existing research that has been undertaken in converting non-protein nitrogen into protein. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEbiocon.rtf

Biodiversity and Dendrochronology
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This 9 page paper explores the fields of biodiversity and dendrochronology, and how they explain the physical world. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: HVBioDen.rtf

Biodiversity in the Animal Kingdom
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the process of biodiversity as it is maintained in the animal kingdom. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHBioDiv.rtf

Biodiversity:
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This 12 page paper explains biodversity and its importance. Furthermore, this paper examins current threats to species, discusses environmental justice, reviews the environmental problems in developing nations, and more. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSBiodiv.rtf

Biodiversity: What it is and Some of the Most Important Hotspots
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9 pages. The wealth of diverse biological life forms is almost beyond what the human mind can conceive. It is interesting to say the least knowing the diversity between one pinch of soil that can contain more than ten billion bacteria, up through to entire regions, or hotspots, that are rife with not only different species but also endangered species, from insects up to the largest of mammals. This paper will focus on some of these hotspots as well as further serve to explain what biodiversity is. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JGAbiodv.rtf

Bioengineered Foods: Pros and Cons
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A 5 page consideration of the plusses and minuses of bioengineered foods. This paper considers those attributes not just from the perspective of human health but also from the perspective of environmental integtity. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: PPgenEngFoodBioethics.rtf

Bioethics and Research
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A 6 page research paper/essay that discusses bioethics based on an opening scenario. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khbioet4.rtf

Biological Action of Genetically Altered Bacteria
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A 7 page paper discussing general and specific biosynthesis pathways of genetically engineered bacteria. Bacteria have been used since the 1950s to produce useful - and often critical - compounds. A Merck & Co. researcher used a Lactobacillus lactis assay as a driver for B12 purification and crystallization from Streptomyces griseus, and Japanese researchers discovered that bacteria could produce monosodium glutamate. After the work of Berg, Cohen and Boyer in recombinant DNA, the already-existing industrial application of bacteria-produced compounds grew quickly. Today, genetically altered bacteria produce human insulin, a variety of antibiotics and perform environmental cleanup functions. The paper describes the biological action of a number of these processes. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: KSbactEnz.wps

Biological Determinism / Our Actions Are Determined by Biology
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A 17 page discussion of the role of genetics in determining behavior. Emphasizes that our actions and behaviors are essentially an interplay of genetics and societal factors but acknowledges that the genetic predisposition for certain behaviors is definite and difficult to overcome. Relies extensively on the ideas presented in Richard Dawkin's The Selfish Gene but backs these ideas up with actual research examples. Uses the counter examples of research indicating that homosexuality is a genetic condition and that research which shows that gender roles are shaped by the environment. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: Biodeter.wps

Biology Article Summary: Coral Reefs
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3 pages in length. Martin Downs, author of "Keeper Of The Reefs: How Do You Save A Wilderness That Most People Will Never See" in the Spring, 2004 issue of OnEarth, discusses the detrimental impact man's actions have had upon coral reefs around the world. Citing such occurrences as overfishing, global warming and human activity, Downs (2004) correlates these influences in terms of the percentage of coral reefs destroyed worldwide. Hundreds of millions of years of oceanic history teeter on the verge of permanent extinction because of the detrimental effects these occurrences have had upon coral reefs, a global population that is fighting for its very existence. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCBioCoral.rtf

Biology Lab / Observations of Fish Gill Movement
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Approximately 4 pages in length. Paper reports on a basic (biology) laboratory experiment. Writer hypothesizes that fish gill movement will increase when water temperature does same. It is concluded that varying water temperature does have an effect on percular movements and breathing patterns of (gold)fish. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Fishlab.wps

Biology Questions
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5 pages. This question and answer series touches on several topics including birth control, genital herpes, circumcision, and hermaphrodites. These are very interesting and pertinent subjects which affect many people today. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JAbiolgy.rtf

Biology: Mitochondria And Chloroplasts
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3 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses processes of the electron transport system and chemiosmotic coupling with regards to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCMitoClor.rtf

Biopsychology
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This 5 page paper discusses the field of biopsychology, as well as the connection between it and ADD. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVBioPsy.rtf

Bioremediation And The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
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A 10 page paper. The Exxon Valdez spilled 11 millions of oil that eventually stretched for 1,300 miles along the west coast of Alaska. The process used to clean up the shoreline was bioremediation. By introducing specific microorganisms, growth of natural bacteria that eat hydrocarbons is enhanced. This essay discusses and describes the process that was used after this oil spill. It also discusses what happens to marine life after an oil spill. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGbiore.wps

Bioremediation: A Review of One Article Detailing the Attributes of Geobacter Bacteria
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A 3 page review of a December 2003 interview of Dr. Barbara Methe, the collaborative investigator at the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and Dr. Derek Lovely, the head of the University of Massachusetts (Amherst) microbiology department. These researchers clarify the benefits of using bacteria, especially the Geobacter bacteria, in the cleanup of hazardous waste. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPhazSp2.rtf

Biotechnology; The Human Genome Project
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This 32 page paper considers the Human Genome Project, paying particular attention to the role that computer technology has played through its existence. The paper looks at the background and then discusses aspects of sequencing in more detail. The paper considers the progress made along with that yet to be made, and cites examples of the applications of the findings and the progress of the project. The projects progress is also compared to other genome projects for other species. The bibliography cites 26 sources.
Filename: TEhumgen.wps

Bioterrorism and Public Health
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A 7 page paper exploring the topic of biological warfare. Emphasizes the vulnerability of the United States, noting that with the collapse of the Cold War we now have many small enemies in place of the one large enemy. Describes biological warfare as being widely available, as a poor man’s weapon. Stresses the importance of establishing a central agency to handle biological terrorism on a national level. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPbioTer.wps

Bird Beak Morphology and Precipitation
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An 8 page discussion of the relationship that exists between beak morphology of four specific species of finches in the Galapagos Islands and precipitation. The author links ancient climatological trends with finch evolution and ties existing patterns in biodiversity with contemporary climatological trends. Includes a graph illustrating this association. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPfinchB.rtf

Bird of Paradise
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A 4 page paper on the bird of paradise. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAbiaa.rtf

Birds / The Mallard
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A comprehensive 4 page report on the mallard, a bird from the Anatidae family of the order Anseriformes. Dynamics, geography, breeding, eating, and so forth ,-- are among the many aspects discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Mallard.wps

Bitumen Macadam Using Crushed Concrete as Aggregate
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A 5 page paper discussing the use of recycled concrete in place of quarried stone and gravel in forming the mixture that will become roadbed pavement. Concrete as an aggregate is more promising now than before the introduction of the latest generation of bituminous binders. It cannot be used in all situations, but in many it offers greater suitability than even more conventional local materials. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSmacadam.wps

Black Holes
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An 8 page paper which describes black holes and examines their increased importance in astrophysics of the 20th and 21st centuries. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TGblakhole.rtf

Black Holes
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An 8 page discussion of this fascinating astronomical phenomenon. This paper emphasizes that we know black holes exist not because that we can see them but rather because we can observe their effects. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPastronBlkHl.rtf

Bladder Cancer Cell
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A 7 page research paper that examines specific functions and characteristics of these cell. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: khblccel.rtf

Body temperature regulation
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A five page paper which looks at the way in which warm-blooded creatures, especially human beings, utilise complex physiological mechanisms in order to maintain their body temperature within a comparatively narrow optimum range. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLbodytemp.rtf

Book Annotations/Reviews
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A 14 page paper which annotates/reviews 5 different books. The books reviewed are “The Disciplined Mind- Beyond Facts and Standardized Tests” by Howard Gardner, “The New Brain” by Richard Restak, “The Scientist in the Crib” by Gopnik, Meltzoff and Kuhl, “The Learning Brain- Lessons for Education” by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Uta Frith and “The Creating Brain” by Nancy. C. Andreasen. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAmndbrn.rtf

Book Review of Elsner and Kara’s “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999)
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This is a 5 page book review of James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999). James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999) is considered an extensive scientific text authored by two well established researchers in their areas of expertise. The book written by a professor of meteorology and geography at Florida State University and a contractor for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory of NASA uses historical and scientific studies to assess the hurricane activity and consequences in the North Atlantic while providing the reader with prediction models, historical data sets, statistics and the “societal vulnerability to hurricanes”. Overall, Book News (1999) considers it “of likely interest to meteorologists, climatologists, and economists, as well as decision makers in government and industry”. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJHurri1.rtf

Book Review on Gould's Panda's Thumb
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This 5 page paper reviews this intriguing collection of essays by the controversial scientist Stephen Jay Gould. Evolution is discussed. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA147pna.rtf

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Anthrax, and Brucellosis
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A 10 page overview of three potentially fatal diseases. Includes their effects on cattle and man as well as discussions on possible treatment methodologies and preventions. Outlines research efforts to develop vaccines and gives an overview of the different types of legislation which has evolved in response to the threat of these and other diseases. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Cowmad.doc

Brain Research and its Applicability to Learning
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A 5 page overview of the latest research on the brain and how this research applies to learning. Notes the findings of three authors in particular who are instrumental in summarizing the scientific information into a format which is useful to educators. These authors are Eric Jensen, Marian Diamond, and Robert Sylwester. Emphasizes that learning occurs though an individual being cognizant of his or her environment and gaining knowledge from that environment. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPedBrai.wps

Brain Research and Technology in the Classroom
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A 4 page paper discussing some of the discoveries of recent brain research and how that information can be used in the classroom, specifically how teachers can use technology to take advantage of students’ specific stage of brain development. The bottom line is that the use of technology not only can assist in maximizing the benefit a child receives while in a specific state of brain development, it also can be used to signal the teacher that the same child may be moving into the next developmental stage, and that it is time that his lessons be altered. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSeduBrainRes.rtf

Brain Response/Males & Aggression
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A 10 page research paper that examines research on brain chemistry and aggression that differentiates between the responses of males and females. This review of literature examines research that pertains to brain research and the neurotransmitters in the brain that have been shown to affect aggressive behavior. This body of data suggests that there are a discernible differences between the response of males and females to aggression and competitiveness that can be traced to differences in brain chemistry. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khhoragg.rtf

Brassica rapa: Life History of the Plant Known Variously as Wild Turnip and Birdsrape Mustard
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A 5 page overview of the life history of Brassica rapa, a flowering plant known commonly as both a wild turnip and as birdsrape mustard. Considered an invasive weed in the Americas, this species exhibits distinctive taxonomy and ecology. This paper discusses specific features of the plants taxonomy, reproduction, and the characteristic glycosides and enzyme complement which serve as a biochemical shield protecting the plant from certain predators but at the same time which can be utilized by a narrow group of herbivores.
Filename: PPmustrd.wps

Briggs & Peat/ "The 7 Life Lessons of Chaos"
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A 5 page analysis of The Seven Life Lessons of Chaos by John Briggs and F. David Peat. The writer argues that this is an important book because, first of all, it explains chaos theory in terms that an ordinary person can understand; but, also, because it presents chaos theory as a new scientific metaphor for interpreting reality that could eventually result in serious change in Western culture. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99chaos.wps

Brood Parasitism Among the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus): Genetic or Behavioral?
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A 14 page literature review of brood parasitism among the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Explores the concept of whether genetic makeup determines host preference or if this phenomena is really a result of the mature bird seeking out habitat in which it was raised and consequently encountering more nests of a specific species in that habitat than would be present in others (i.e. natal philopatry). Includes a 1 page Roman numeral outline. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPcuckoB.wps

Building Blocks of Scientific Study
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A 6 page research paper that explores the basic of scientific inquiry, which is the foundational element in today's society. Whenever a question of arises, no matter what the realm of society it applies to, an answer is sought using the scientific method, as this offers an "objective way to evaluate information" and "determine what is false," as well as what is true (Schwartz and Barrett, 2001). Citing the late renown scientist Carl Sagan, Schwartz and Barrett (2001) point out that science is often considered to be a "body of facts," but it is more accurate to look of science as a "way of thinking." The writer discusses scientific inquiry in detail. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khscinbb.rtf

BULLY FOR BRONTOSAURUS: THE CASE AGAINST TEXTBOOKS
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This 5 page paper is a discussion of two sections of Stephen Jay Gould's book, Bully for Brontosaurus. Chapters Ten and Eleven are analyzed and two separate essays are produced. The common theme of textbooks and the validity of scientific theory are discussed. Examples given from text and quoted. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: MBgould.rtf