Aristotle/Man as "Political Animal"
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A 3 page essay that discusses what Aristotle meant in his text Politics when he wrote that "man is by nature a political animal." The writer explores Aristotle's meaning and how this applied to the society of his day. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khpolani.rtf

Aristotle: Seeking Constitutions
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(5 pp) How shall we live and how shall we live most efficiently? Is happiness a necessary part of our lives? And then how does that apply to community and the governing of community? Early Greece was divided into what have been labeled 'city states, ' with each being not only separated geographically, but often in customs and attitudes as well. How they chose to govern themselves, with and without Aristotle's influence will be discussed.
Filename: BBArstCR.rtf

Aristotle: Ethos, Pathos & Logos
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A 5 page paper. Aristotle proposed there were three primary forms of rhetoric: ethos, pathos and logos. Each of these concepts is explained with examples. How these can be used to analyze business correspondence is also discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGethpa.wps

Aristotle: His Contributions to Math
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5 pages. One of Aristotle's greatest contributions to mankind is within the field of math. Because his philosophical believes were predicated solely on logic and syllogism, and these are mathematical in nature, it is a fact that Aristotle based most of his philosophy on analysis and math. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAarmth.wps

Aristotle: The Greatest of the Philosophers
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4 pages. Although there are numerous wise philosophers both ancient and not, the wisest of all of these was Aristotle. The philosophic renderings of Aristotle with his formal logic and use of syllogism were further proof that these were not just scholarly ramblings. Aristotle was a philosopher of the highest order, and his words are ranked up there with not only other philosophers but with scientists as well. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAartot.wps

Armstrong’s “Functionalism” as It Relates to Matthews’ Discussion of Being Alive and Being Conscious
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A 7 page analysis of the concept of consciousness and its relation to life. Includes a one page outline. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPpsyconscious.rtf

Art from the Aesthetician’s Perspective
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A 5 page paper presenting example of aesthetics represented in literature, art, and music. Aestheticians have broadened their collective perspectives over the past century and particularly in the space of the last several decades. Aesthetics seeks to examine art forms not only for beauty, but now also for cultural relevance. The paper discusses Yeats as an example of transition from romance to modernism in literature, Renoir’s origination of the impressionist style of art and why the aesthetician will more readily accept the beauty of Béla Bartók’s music over that of Eminem or Stevie Ray Vaughn. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSphiloAesthArt.rtf

Article Critique/Sollod on Curriculum
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A 4 page analysis that examines the essay "The Hollow Curriculum" by clinical psychologist Robert N. Sollod. In this essay, Sollod argues that there should be more focus on religion and spirituality within the curricula of institutions of higher learning. This examination of Sollod's essay focuses on its style and organization, rather than the validity of his points. In other words, this critique endeavors to answer the question of whether or not Sollod convincingly uses the elements of rhetoric to persuade his readers that he is correct in his viewpoint. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khsollod.rtf

Artificial Intelligence and the Presence of Mental States
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This 5 page paper considers the way that an individual with a electronic brain, who passes turning test, may be considered as having, or not having a mental state. Arguments such as the understanding of words, self-determination and the presence of a soul are included in the arguments. The bibliography cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEarting.wps

Artificial Intelligence Can Never Be a Reality
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This 5 page paper hones in on two arguments—those of Turing and Searle—and supports Searle's position. Turing's theories are explained and Searle's arguments are examined. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA125AI.rtf

Atheism, Immorality and David Hume
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This 5 page paper, written in the style of a letter, considers the accusation that David Hume is an atheist and looks at how Hume might have responded to the argument his work displays atheism and his philosophy results in immorality. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEhumeap.wps

Audi & Testimonial Knowledge
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An 8 page research paper/essay that examines the position of Robert Audi in regards to testimonial knowledge, as specific area of epistemology. The writer first presents Audi's position, then offers rebuttal by discussing David Hume's skepticism and then offers a defense of Audi's position. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khaudi.rtf

Auguste Comte and the Role of Women in Society
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This 3 page report discusses positivism philosophy of Auguste Comte and focuses on the role of women in society and how they affect society and what their role is in terms of the family. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWcomte.rtf

Augustine, Aurelius And Guibert
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This 4 page paper provides a very brief introduction to each author and discusses the philosophy of life as it appears to be in Augustine's Confessions, Aurelius' Meditations, and Guibert's Autobiography. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGafargb.RTF

Augustine, Luther, and Bonhoeffer: Men of Similar Thought
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A 6 page paper which discusses particular works of Augustine, Luther, and Bonhoeffer, illustrating that while these three men were of different times, different cultures, and different regions, their thoughts and ideas were incredibly similar. The works discussed are The Bondage of The Will by Luther, City of God by Augustine, and Life Together by Bonhoeffer. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAaugluth.wps

Augustine/Plato/Life Accounts & Learning
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A 7 page research paper that examines the structure of Augustine of Hippo's Confessions and Plato's Phaedo can be seen as examples of how in biographical writing, the text and the author can merge, which is discussed in Brian Stock's After Augustine. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khauplat.rtf

Austin and Wittgenstein on Ordinary Language
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Austin and Wittgenstein on Ordinary Language: This 10-page comparative essay examines the postulates by John Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein relevant to ordinary language. Like Wittgenstein, Austin linked philosophical investigations not to the construction of artificial languages, but to the consideration of the workings of ordinary language. However, there were differences worth contemplating. Bibliography lists 5 sources. SNOrlang.doc
Filename: SNOrlang.rtf

Authoritarian Knowing and Scientific Knowing
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This 5 page report discusses the differences and similarities between authoritarian knowledge and scientific knowledge. Both ways of understanding, perceiving, or “knowing” and one is not necessarily “better” than the other, however each has its own unique characteristics. Scientific knowledge deals with real things that exist in nature--things that can be perceived by humans or detected by instruments. The authoritarian model of knowledge sees knowledge as a collection of information, a set of facts, a series of proposals or concepts that have been established to be true and are generally dependent on an interpreter of that information. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWknowng.wps

Autonomy and The Social Contract
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of Rousseau's and Kant's philosophies concerning the social contract, autonomy, free will and so forth. Each of the philosophers' theories are discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA220SCT.rtf

Ayn Rand’s “Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal”
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the concepts in Ayn Rand’s “Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal”. Ayn Rand’s 1962 text “Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal” is important in the fields of philosophy and economics in that it introduces the readers, or reminds the readers, what the true essence of capitalism is and not that which has been misunderstood and construed with economic and political misconceptions. For Rand, and others who follow the ideals of libertarianism and objectivism, capitalism is the only system which allows for the freedom of man’s rational nature and its ruling principle is justice. True capitalism is actually a social system based on the principle of individual rights and is not to be confused with the capitalist constructions developed during the industrial ages which saw the development of “wage slaves” to the owners of the factories. Instead, capitalism is based on man’s trade through free exchange and mutual benefit. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJARand1.rtf

B.F. Skinner and George Edward Moore Regarding the Determination of Human Actions
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This 5 page report discusses how B.F. Skinner brought into question the motivations that lead people to modify their actions, as well as the ways in which “determinism” is responsible for human thought and action. In comparison, the lesser-known George Edward Moore directed his area of research toward the free will of human beings and the idea that individuals have free will “only if we sometimes could have done what we did not do, and if everything is caused, then we never could have done what we did not do.” Numerous critics have claimed that the two are essentially saying the same thing. The author of this report argues otherwise. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWskinnr.wps

B.F. Skinner: Hard Determinism
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5 pages in length. B.F. Skinner sent a wave of intrigue and contempt through the scientific and psychological fields when he staunchly asserted that both man and animal are unequivocally bound by the tenets of determinism; his ability to simultaneously evoke such fervent passion on each side of the hotly debated issue speaks to man's inability to establish a definitive understanding of his own behavioral motivation. The extent to which Skinner's theory of hard determinism has helped contemporary society better comprehend the importance of consistent behavioral patterns and the manner by which they bring about expected response is both grand and far-reaching; his experiments to prove this theory – despite the inherent criticism that accompanies any unpopular idea – served to support its validity. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCSkinnrHD.rtf

Baby Owens: When Medical Professionals and Parents Clash
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A 4 page examination of the ethics and law surrounding an infant diagnoses with Downs Syndrome and duodenal atresia. The baby needed medical intervention to survive. The baby's parents, however, refused treatment on the basis of their religious beliefs. The parents were Jehovas' Witnesses and believed that medical interventions such as blood transfusions were prohibited by the Bible itself. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPmedRf2.rtf

Barthes and Foucault
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A 4 page paper which compares and contrasts Roland Barthes’ “The Death of the Author” and Michel Foucault’s “What is an Author?” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAbarfou.rtf

Bartleby, An Existential Hero
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This 3 page paper briefly examines Bartleby and why he can be considered an existential hero. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVBarExt.rtf

Basic Problems/History of Philosophy
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A 3 page research paper that offers a brief survey of how a variety of major philosophers have addressed the basic questions of philosophy. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khhisph.rtf

Baudrillard and Weil: Two Concepts of Consumer Society
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This 7 page paper considers each sociologist's concepts of the consumer society, which are sometimes complementary and sometimes conflicting, and what we can learn from them by applying the opposing viewpoint. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVBauWei.rtf

Baudrillard's Theory of Hyper-Reality
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11 pages. The premise of this paper is to analytically assess the theory of Hean Baudrillard's hyper-reality as related to the media's impact on the social world. It is well-known that the media has a most profound impact on our lives today, but how is that impact connected in regards to hyper-reality? Obviously not everything that gets reported is based on reality, and in light of that fact, there is a deep connection to Baudrillard's theory. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: JGAbaudr.wps

Baudrillard: hyperreality and simulation
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A paper which looks at Baudrillard's view of simulation and hyperreality, with specific reference to anime, and Bostrom's work on The Matrix and the philosophical implications of simulations. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JLbaudhyp.rtf

Beauty According to Aquinas and Aristotle
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This 3 page paper examines the subject of beauty and provides points of view from the two philosophers. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA617A.rtf

Being and Becoming -- The Core of all Philosophical Issues
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This 5 page report discusses the issue of what it means to be human, what it even means to be. Does an individual become human or is that individual only that individual? How does being differ from to be? Using the concepts presented by Plato in “The Allegory of the Cave,” the writer shows what it means to be compared to what it means to be in the process of becoming. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWphliss.wps

Belief and Knowledge
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This 10 page paper discusses the difference between belief and knowledge, and the importance of using reason, not emotion, in discussions. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: HVResnEm.rtf

Belief in the Existence of God
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A 5 page research paper that examines the various arguments that have been proposed to prove the existence of God. The writer examines ontological, cosmological and teleological arguments. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khexgod.rtf

Belief, Doubt, and the Modern Mind
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A 6 page paper which examines various perspectives concerning belief and doubt in the modern secular world. 11 sources cited. No bibliography provided due to the fact that the sources were provided via fax.
Filename: RAdoubt.rtf

Beliefs as Personal Truths
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This 7 page paper explores and ultimately defends Apps' admonition that a belief is what is accepted as truth. Concepts such as truth, belief and knowledge are explored in depth. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA151tru.rtf

Ben Franklin's Secrets To Success
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This 5 page paper explores the meaning of success according to the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTbenscs.wps

Ben Shahn: Social Realist
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A 5 page paper in which the writer examines a vital moment in United States' history when artists were deeply engaged with issues, and convinced that they could not only record but also help to improve American life. Ben Shahn's major work, The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti is discussed in detail. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBshahn.wps

Benedict Spinoza: "Ethics" and the Concept of One Substance
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A 5 page paper which discusses the work "Ethics" by Benedict Spinoza and addresses his particular concept of one substance. Spinoza's philosophies of one substance were primarily based on the fact that everything was linked back to that substance, which is God. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAsubstnc.wps

Benjamin's Argument Against Descartes
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5 pages in length. Doubt, God's existence and the knowledge of matter might well comprise the entire philosophical realm for Descartes, whose approach to these three elements of human existence is, according to Benjamin, somewhat skewed in their individual application. While Descartes bases his fundamental theories upon the very essence of man's reality, Benjamin points out certain aspects of his approach that fail to quantify. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCBenjaDesc.rtf

Bentham and natural law
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A ten page paper which looks at Jeremy Bentham's assertion that natural rights are mere rhetoric, with reference to the social and legislative definition of rights and to Bentham's moral philosophy in general. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JLbentham.rtf