Descartes' Meditation on Knowledge
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A 2 page essay on this Meditation, with particular emphasis on Descartes' method of doubt. No Bibliography.
Filename: Descart3.wps

Descartes' Meditations / All
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A 6 page essay summarizing the important points of this major work in philosophy. The writer covers each of the meditations plus preface, explaining their relationship to one another and tracing the arguments presented. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Medit.wps

Descartes' Meditations / Modern Aspects Of Discourse
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A 9 page analysis of Descartes' Discourse and Meditations in regards to how they relate to the modern world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Descar.wps

Descartes' Meditations / Senses
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This 5 page research paper examines French philosopher Rene Descartes assessment on the reliability of sensory perceptions and whether or not the senses can be trusted. Specifically discussed are Descartes' deductive reasoning as it appears in his Meditations on First Philosophy, and an evaluation of his argument. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Sensean.wps

Descartes' Meditations / The Mind Is More Easily Known Than The Body
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A 4 page essay discussing Rene Descartes 'Meditations' and his assertion that the mind is more easily known than the body. The 'wax example' is also briefly discussed. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Descmind.wps

Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy
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A 5 page essay explaining Descartes philosophy and why it was so revolutionary.
Filename: Descartes.doc

Descartes's Dreaming Argument
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This 5 page paper explores this early philosopher's dreaming argument which questions how one knows whether they are dreaming or awake. The scope of that argument, and how it applies to life in general, is discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA007Des.rtf

Descartes, Skeptical Challenge, an Argument
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In 5 pages, the author presents Descartes' skeptical challenge in the form of an argument using 'Descartes Meditation.' Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PCdes.doc

Freeing the Mind’ As Revealed in René Descartes’ (6) Meditations on the First Philosophy
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A 5 page paper which examines French philosopher René Descartes’ systematic methods of freeing the mind to recognize ‘true’ knowledge as outlined in his treatise, 'Meditations on the First Philosophy.'
Filename: TGrenmed.rtf

I Sleep, Therefore I Dream - An Ethereal Encounter Between Hume & Descartes
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A 5 page paper that presents a hypothetical scenario in which the philosophers David Hume and Rene Descartes meet and debate their very differing philosophical views. This hypothetical conversation and debate is focused on the beliefs Descartes presents in his first three Meditations and the views expressed in Hume's Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: LCDream.doc

Negative Consequences of René Descartes' Mind-Body Dualism For Scientific Psychology
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A 2 page paper which examines how the mind-body dualism of René Descartes had a negative consequence for scientific psychology, yet had positive consequences from religious and moral perspectives. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TGdesdua.wps

O.K. Bouwsma/ Descartes' Evil Genius
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A 5 page analysis of O.K. Bouwsma's essay 'Descartes' Evil Genius' and on Descartes' 'Meditations.' Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: 99bodes.rtf

René Descartes Philosophy of Dualism
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A 7 page paper which examines the distinction between the mind and body which provides the foundation for René Descartes’ dualism philosophy as discussed in his treatise, 'Meditations on the First Philosophy,' and in his correspondence with Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TGdualsm.rtf

Rene Descartes’ Cognito “I Think Therefore I Am” and Refuting the Argument it Presents
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This 6 page report discusses one of the most famous philosophical statements of modern times – “I think, therefore I am.” This paper examines the incongruous aspects of such a statement and explores the reasons through which it may be refuted. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWcogrene.rtf

Rene Descartes/ The Evil Demon
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A 5 page analysis of Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy. Descartes' train of logic in this work caused him to speculate on the very basis for what constitutes reality. This train of thought, in turn, caused him to postulate that he might have been deceived by some 'evil genius,' who influenced his senses to provide him with inaccurate information. The writer argues that the concept of the 'evil demon' played an intrinsic role in Descartes' overall argument and discusses its implications. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: 90evldmn.rtf

Rousseau's Response To Descartes ‘Dream Demon'
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A 4 page paper that argues against Rousseau's perceptions of Descartes 'dream demon', his belief that man can not distinguish between reality and dream and must, therefore, not base the development of reason on reality. Rousseau's pragmatic belief that man has no reason to believe their are no physical objects and good reason to believe that there are physical objects consists of faulty logic. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Rousdesc.wps

Russell vs. Descartes' Dream Demon
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A 4 page paper describing Russell's reactions to Descartes 'dream demon' and his belief that Descartes' reasoning in regards to existence and doubt is faulty. This paper presents Russell's belief, in contrast, that sense-data supports the existence of the physical object, and that doubt, though it is possible, is not probable. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Descruss.wps

The Psychology of René Descartes’ Mind-Body Dualism Philosophy
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A 9 page paper which explores the significance for psychology in René Descartes’ mind-body philosophy, most notably the issues involved in dualism and the problems it presents. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TGminbod.rtf

Democracy, The Worst Form of Government: The Views of Plato, Marx and Thucydides
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This 5 page argumentative essays uses the writings of Plato, Marx and Thucydides to support the argument that democracy is the worst form of government. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHdemoc.wps

Creationism and Evolution
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This 8 page paper answers four distinct questions posed by a student related to evolution and creationism. Many subjects are addressed. Concepts included are logical positivism, Darwinian evolution, intentional design theory, the fossil argument and more. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA020Cre.rtf

W.V.O. Quine and Philip Kitcher: Interdependence of Belief and Creationism versus Evolution
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This 5 page report discusses the ideas of two contemporary philosophical writers regarding the interdependence of beliefs and how it is applicable to the debate that rages on regarding creationism versus evolution. Belief is repeatedly shown to be based on various constructs such as faith and hope where there is no ostensibly “logical” proof for holding that belief. However, the same may also be said regarding “belief” in science. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWkitchr.wps

Nietzsche vs. Freud On The Nature Of Good And Evil
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A 3 page analysis of the preface to Neitzsche's The Genealogy of Morals and whether or not Freud would agree with his conclusions based on Freud's writing in Civilization and Its Discontents. The writer argues that Freud would agree as he makes similar points in his own book and that both works address the mutability inherent in perspectives on morality. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Freudnie.wps

Confucius And Benevolence
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8 pages in length. The writer discusses how Confucius recognized the fact that humanity has turned into a selfish, egotistical and myopic entity. No longer are people more concerned with others than they are with themselves. This move away from benevolence has caused considerable harm to man's reputation, as well as to the manner in which people interact. However, there does not appear to be any signs of significant change to this gross lack of social responsibility; therefore, it is safe to assume that mankind will continue down the road of self-centeredness. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCconfu.wps

The Notion of Ethical Behavior According to Ancient Chinese Philosophers
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A 6 page paper which contemplates ethical behavior, as recommended by Confucius, Mencius and Hsun Tzu, comparing and contrasting their views, concluding with which one best represents this notion in society. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Philchin.wps

Principles of Confucian Thought
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A 14 page paper which defines Confucian thought, explains its principles, how ancient dynasties played a significant role in its development, how Confucius searched for a ruler to create the society he envisioned, the way of goodness, its impact upon the development of Chinese medicine, and considers the revival of Confucianism in modern China. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TGconfuc.wps

Who Should Survive
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7 pages. In this hypothetical scenario we have one lifeboat left with room for only seven people, but there are eleven to be saved. Among the eleven are a former prostitute, an obese person, a homosexual, a person of mixed heritage, and other interesting individuals. The lifeboat may be able to reach a deserted island. The question is, which seven if any would a Confucian, a Taoist and a Legalist choose to save and why? This paper is extremely interesting and comes up with some surprising answers. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: JGAlboat.wps

What Made Stoicism Appealing To The Ancient Greeks And Romans And Why Were Its Ideas Vulnerable To Christianity?
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This 5 page report discusses the evolution of Stoicism, its appeal to the ancient Greeks and Romans, and whether or not it has relevance in the contemporary world. Also briefly discussed are some ideas as to why the Greeks and Romans were 'susceptible' to the promises offered by early Christianity. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Stoic.wps

Stoic Philosophy Of Ancient Greece
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This 14 page paper defines Stoicism philosophy as it existed in Ancient Greece and details its specific school of thought as well as discusses the practitioners and writings of Stoic philosophers. Bibliography included.
Filename: Stoicism.wps

French & German critical theory/ sexuality & knowledge
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A 12 page paper that examines the connections and discontinuities between German and French traditions of critical theory, specifically highlighting views of sexuality and knowledge. The writer particularly concentrates on the work of Michel Foucault. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: 99critsx.wps

The Views of MacIntyre on Aristotle, Nietzche, Foucault and Habermas
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This 7 page paper considers the presentation of the concept of the crucial choice defined by MacIntyre in his work After Virtue relative to the perspectives a number of philosophers, including Aristotle, Nietzche, Foucault and Habermas, as the relate to the notion of choice and the moral concepts. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHFoucau.wps

The Age of Enlightenment
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This 5 page paper looks at the thoughts and ideas which abounded during the age of enlightenment. This includes philosophers such as Voltaire, Locke, Mills and Montesquieu. The paper then goes on the examine the effect that these people may have had on the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEenligh.wps

Mind Body Dualism
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A 5 page paper that considers the writings of Fodor, Smart and Cornman in defense of mind-body dualism. In their writings on materialism, each independently finds support for some division between the mind and body. These three theorists support the belief that the non-physical mind can effect physical situations. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Mindbody2.wps

The Mind-Body Problem
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An 8 page paper discussing the mind-body problem, also known as Cartesian Dualism. The writer argues that Cartesian Dualism is one of the factors that has encouraged the mindset, predominant in the Western world, that the mind has greater access to knowledge than the body. Such negation of 'physical' knowledge has limited many aspects of human potential. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Mindbody.wps

Emerson's Arguments in 'Self Reliance'
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A 5 page paper which discusses Emerson's 'Self Reliance' and discusses how he is incredibly convincing in his arguments. Each of his arguments gives the reader hope for realizing who they are, for understanding why they don't feel they fit in, or hope for understanding why they perhaps fail at behavioral patterns set by the society they live in. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAslfreln.wps

Emerson's Call to Action in The American Scholar is Answered by Whitman in Song of Myself
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In 6 pages, the author discusses Emerson's speech on 'The American Scholar' and shows how Walt Whitman answered this call using Whitman's 'Song of Myself.' Emerson's call was for intellectual, cultural, and spiritual independence, which are important to transcendentalism. No other sources are cited.
Filename: PCewt.doc

Carl Rogers/Client-Centered Therapy
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A 7 page research paper that addresses the work of American clinical psychologist, Carl Rogers, who originated client-centered therapy, which is based on the belief that individuals‹rather then environment or subconscious drives‹can control their choices and values and fulfill their own unique potential. Rogers' theory stresses that it is the individual's own comprehension of his or her own experiences that is important, rather then the therapist's professional interpretation of these experiences. The writer discusses Rogers' approach to therapy, influences on the development of his theory, and Rogers' basic philosophy toward personality development. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: 90rogers.rtf

Argument Form Samples
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of logical principles including the fallacy of relevance, the fallacy of presumption, the fallacy of ambiguity, emotive words and argument forms. The paper provides sections with examples of each type. 13 web sites are referenced within the context of the paper. No bibliography.
Filename: SA209lgc.rtf

Kant, the Categorical Imperative and the Invasion of Iraq
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This 4 page paper uses Kant’s categorical imperative to ague that the U.S. invasion of Iraq is immoral. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVkntirq.rtf

Marcus Aurelius' Meditations
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This 3 page paper examines this classic work. The paper begins by defining stoicism and then quickly goes on to evaluate Meditations and what can be gleaned from it. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA416MA.rtf

Modern Myth: Good Will Prevail
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A 5 page paper which examines a prevalent myth, a contemporary and long lived myth, that good will prevail. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAmythoo.rtf