James Baldwin: His Life and Works
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6 pages. Explores the works of James Baldwin. James Baldwin was an American novelist, essayist, and dramatist who is recognized as one of the most important twentieth-century American writers. Baldwin’s influence in many of his works were the racial and sexual polarization in American society and they often served to challenge readers to confront their feelings about these subjects, thus helping them to resolve these differences. Bibliography lists 6 sources. JGAjbald.wps
Filename: JGAjbald.wps

Immigration Policy for America’s Open Borders
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U.S. immigration policy has been constantly evolving since 1965 and will continue to do so. Between 1965 and 1980, admission to the United States by immigrants was founded in Cold War policy and fear. Since the Refugee Act of 1980, policy has become more and more open, despite attempts to stem the influx of immigrants in recent years. Bibliography lists 4 sources. jvImmPol.rtf
Filename: jvImmPol.rtf

The Iliad (A Critique)
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This 7 page paper provides a critical analysis of this infamous work by Homer. Particular attention is paid to Homer’s treatment of gender. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA005Hom.rtf

The Concept of a 'Just War'
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18 pages on the concept of Just War and its relevant theory as explained and argued by St. Augustine and later by St. Aquinas. The writer also discusses some foundations of this theory in the works of Classic Greek and Roman philosophers as well. Just War during the Roman Empire is compared extensively to Just War during the Middle Ages. The writer concludes with a thoughtful opinion on the injustices of war in general-- except when used as a last resort in the manner specified by Aquinas. Augustine is denounced for his support of a justifiable 'unconditional' war and for doctrines which were clearly influenced by the State. No Bibliography.
Filename: Justwar.wps

Comparison Of Rousseau's & St. Augustine's Views On Human Nature
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In 5 pages, the writer compares the views on human nature of Saint Augustine in his 'Confessions', with Jean-Jacques Rousseau's views of nature in his 'Second Discourse'.
Filename: Hnature.wps

The Existence Of God / Philosophical Arguments
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This 20 page research paper assesses the age-old philosophical question on whether or not God exists. Specifically discussed are arguments presented by such theologians and philosophers as St. Anselm, Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, G.W. Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, and Soren Kierkegaard who argue in favor of God's existence and Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell, who argue against God's existence. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: Godexis2.wps

St. Thomas Aquinas
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An 8 page paper that presents many of St. Thomas' points in refutation of Aristotelian philosophy, including those on the existence of god, and the dual sciences of philosophy versus the sacred text (i.e., from the Summa Theologica). Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Aquinas.wps

Augustine, Aquinas and Bonaventure: Views on Philosophy, Religion andGod
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of some essential elements of the perspectives of Augustine, Aquinas, and Bonaventure as they relate to the philosophy of religion. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MHAquin.doc

Existence of God Analyzed
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This 8 page research paper examines the philosophical inquiry into the existence of God. Specifically evaluated are the positions held by two opposing philosophers, Roman Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas, who asserted that God exists, and British philosopher David Hume, who contended that there is no proof that God exists. A critique of these arguments is provided, as well as a definitive conclusion as to which is the most convincing. Bibliography lists 7 sources. G-dExist.wps
Filename: G-dExist.wps

A Philosophical Defense of God's Existence
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This 8 page paper discusses the presence of God in the world despite the evil that exists in the world. The argument is based on philosophical arguments rather than religious, and draws on both classic philosophical thought and contemporary theory. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: Goddoes.doc

Arguing Against Kierkegaard's Proof of God's Existence
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A 3 page analysis of Kierkegaard's philosophy that we reason from existence and not towards existence and therefore God must exist. The writer is extremely critical of Kierkegaard's argument and makes a number of strong points to counter the philosopher's reasoning. No Bibliography.
Filename: Kierkega.wps

God Does Exist
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This 10 page essay addresses the question of God's existence. To prove that He does exist the writer cites numerous philosophers who have written on the issue as well as more recent articles regarding the existence of God. As one of the sources cited said, 'Those who try to find substitutes for God not only fail, and often bring down misery on themselves, they throw away something marvelous.' Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Godexist.wps

Rational Arguments for the Existence of God
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An 8 page paper discussing philosophical arguments for the existence of God. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: arggod.doc

Rene Descartes’ ‘Proof’ of God’s Existence, Critiqued By David Hume
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A 9 page paper which presents Rene Descartes’ proof of God’s existence, as considered in his 'Discourse on Method' and 'Meditations on First Philosophy,' then analyzes how British philosopher David Hume would critique Descartes’ deductive conclusions, based on his 'An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.' Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGdhgod.wps

Spinoza's Notion Of God & The Link Between God And Nature
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This 7 page paper considers Spinoza's perspectives on the notion of God and the existence of God in defining an understanding of man's existence in nature. This paper also considers the arguments of Spinoza as they are in direct conflict with the perspectives of Descartes and considers the presentation of this argument by Spinoza as a challenge against Descartes primary Cartesian premise. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Spinoza.doc

Can God Guarantee Eternal Happiness?
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10 page comprehensive philosophical essay on God and Free Will. The theories of Kierkegaard, Hume, and many others are critically examined. No Bibliography. God&fre.wps
Filename: God&fre.wps

David Hume On Miracles
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A 12 page paper that considers Hume's arguments about miracles and the importance of his findings on the essence of religious thought. This paper demonstrates that Hume's argument not only suggests that there is no way of proving the testimony of miracles, but that this also brings into question the existence of God. Bibliography with 6 sources.
Filename: Miracles.wps

Descartes / First Meditation
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A 5 page essay on the meditation of philosophy by Descartes. The author analyzes the arguments for Descartes belief in universal doubt and the existence of God.
Filename: Desmed.rtf

Descartes' Third Meditation
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A 5 page comprehensive analysis of Descartes' third meditation in which the philosopher affirms that he is a thinking being who doubts and affirms, denies and knows. From this foundation, Descartes presents and evaluates arguments concerning God's existence. No Bibliography.
Filename: Descart2.wps

A Definition of Philosophy
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A 5 page paper discussing several points discussed by Stephen Clark, including discovering what philosophy is, definitions of reality and truth as they are used in philosophical discussions, how people tend to be alike whether drawn to philosophy or not and which of the ancient philosophers may have been closest to discovering truth. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Phildefi.wps

Friedrich Nietzsche -- “Art raises its head when religions relax their hold”
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This 12 page report discusses the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) who was fully convinced that one of the most destructive characteristic of Western culture is the self-deception caused by religion. One of Nietszche's fundamental contentions was that traditional values (represented primarily by Christianity) had lost their power in the lives of individuals. Art cannot flourish in such a situation and can only flow forth freely in the absence of religious constraints. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWartrel.wps

Immanuel Kant's Doctrines and Their Relation to Religion
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A 12 page paper outlining the basic doctrines of Immanuel Kant. The writer examines his beliefs about goodness and people's responsibility to be good people, and relates that to Utilitarianism and Catholicism. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Kantps.wps

Locke, Berkeley, & Hume / Material Substance
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A 5 page paper discussing the varying views of Hume, Locke, and Berkeley in relationship to the concept of material substance. All three of these philosophers were theorists of knowledge but each also had a slightly different opinion in regards to the issue of material matter. Also discussed is the validity of their reasoning, which is actually quite valid in its context. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Lbhmat.wps

Conversation Concerning a Table: With Berkeley, Leibniz and Locke
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9 pages in length. Concerns an imaginary conversation between the three philosophers John Locke, George Berkeley, and Gottfreid Leibniz about a piece of furniture. This is an excellent example paper showing the differences and similarities of the philosophies of these three men. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAtable.wps

George Berkeley & Perception
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A 5 page paper that explores Berkeley's theory that nothing can exist outside of perception. This paper demonstrates that Berkeley's contention is based in his understanding of perception as the only means by which a person can determine the characteristics of an object. Because perception is the only means for determining an object, then perception must also be the only way to determine existence. One primary source cited.
Filename: Berkeley.wps

George Berkeley / To Be Is To Be Perceived
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A 4 page paper that address the progression of George Berkeley's arguments towards 'esse est percipi' -- to be is to be perceived. His arguments of Hylas and Philanous support the basic argument in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Understanding. Berkeley would contend that the only way an object can be acknowledged is through man's perception of it. The primary source is cited.
Filename: Berk2.wps

George Berkeley and David Hume - Similarities and Differences
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This 5 page report discusses the philosophies of George Berkeley (1685-1753) and David Hume (1711-1176) and compares their similarities and differences. Both held unique and views on the actual existence of any given item and the relationship of the thing to the person who perceives it.
Filename: Berkhm.wps

The Dialogues Of George Berkeley
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The Three dialogues between Hylas and Philonous was written in 1713 and follows the example of Socratic dialogue to present the basic tenets of George Berkeley's philosophical stand. This 7 page paper explores and examines the dialogue and Berkeley's beliefs based on immaterialism. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTberdia.wps

How Francis Bacon Influenced Thomas Hobbes
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A 7 page paper that discusses the impact that Francis Bacon had on the development of writings by Thomas Hobbes. Though Hobbes has denied, by omission, any correlation between the development of his philosophical theories and the year he spent in the employee of Francis Bacon, critics and philosophical scholars alike have compared their similarities and commented that the relationship between these two men must have been the springboard for Hobbes focal transformation from classical literature to social philosophy.
Filename: Hobbacon.wps

Soren Kierkegaard/God and Man, the Fundamental Relation
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A 6 page analysis of the philosophy of the nineteenth century existentialist philosopher Soren Kierkegaard. The writer outlines the primary principles of Kierkegaard's philosophical concepts in regards to the importance of a personal relationship with God. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 90kierke.rtf

Euthanasia: A Review of the Issues and an Argument for Making the Process a Viable Option
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A 9 page discussion of the many issues surrounding euthanasia. The author distinguishes between passive and active euthanasia and provides a review of the various philosophical arguments about the appropriateness of each. The argument is made that both forms of euthanasia should be a viable option in specific situations. Bibliography lists 10 sources. PPeutha6.rtf
Filename: PPeutha6.rtf

Descartes and Sartre/Differences in Philosophy
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A 2 page research paper that compares and contrasts the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre with that of Rene Descartes. In so doing, the writer basically looks at the differences between the Enlightenment and the postmodern era. Bibliography lists 2 sources. 90sar&des.wps
Filename: 90sardes.rtf

Jean Paul Sartre -- Critique of Reasoning On Being & Consciousness
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A 10 page essay on Sartre's theories concerning the structure of being and the nature of consciousness. The writer analyzes and critiques Sartre's philosophy providing a number of insightful examples in this well-reasoned essay. No Bibliography.
Filename: Sartre.wps

Jean-Paul Sartre's 'Being and Nothingness'
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3 pages in length. Describes Sartre's views on freedom, and discusses whether he places too much emphasis on freedom. Is Sartre right in saying 'I am total freedom' ? Read this paper to find out. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAbeing.wps

Enlightened Theology - Merging the Science of Reason With the Spirit of Religion
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A 5 page paper that examines the integration of the sciences of philosophical thinking and theological belief beginning with the Age of Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. The progression of this integration is traced across the nineteenth century and through the 1960s racial tensions of the twentieth century. Included are the philosophies of Jonathan Edwards, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William James, W.E.B. DuBois, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: LCSpirit.doc

Enlightenment, Romantic, and Existentialist Thinking and Its Impact on Contemporary Views
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This 5 page report discusses the characteristics of the Enlightenment, Romantic, and Existentialist schools of thought and the ways in which such characteristics have shaped contemporary views of human nature. Without these “movements,” the Eurocentric world, including the United States would believe a significantly different set of premises regarding human nature and Western philosophies would certainly be changed. Philosophers after the periods -- Marx, Sartre, Holmstrom -- are also discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWenroex.wps

Literature in the Age of Enlightenment:
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This 9 page paper explores literature in the eighteenth century in Europe, known as the Age of Enlightenment, an age in which reason and common sense, as demonstrated by the scientific method were put forth as the real remedies of society's ills and 'progress' was seen as a law of human development. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBenlit.doc.

Scientific Societies Of The Enlightenment
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5 pages in length. The Enlightenment was one of the central tasks where the major thinkers and scientific societies of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries established themselves. What this means in terms of the manner in which philosophers and scientists looked at the broader scope of existence lies within the works produced during that period. Having both embraced and critiqued the Enlightenment, the scientific societies recognized it as a time in which all of mankind could break free from the confines of what had heretofore been accepted as a universal recognition of existence; with each individual following in the footsteps of those who went before, without any question as to why things were accomplished in any certain order, the time for the Enlightenment symbolized the chance to break free from such scientific constraints. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCscien.doc

The Enlightenment in the Works of Smith, Locke, Wollstonecraft, and Kant
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A five page paper looking at the very different contributions made by these four Enlightenment thinkers. The paper notes that although Smith wrote about economics, Locke about politics, Wollstonecraft about feminism, and Kant about morality, they all used reason as the foundation for their thought. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: KBenlit3.wps

Comparison of Quintilian & Burke / Philosophy Of Rhetoric
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This 12 page paper compares Quintilian's and Kenneth Burke's thoughts on the subject of rhetoric, offering some examples of how each approached persuasion and argument. Many similarities exist between the two such as their emphasis on moral and ethical acts. Quintilian's schema for teaching one how to become a perfect orator is included as are discussions regarding Burke's pentad, logologic, and consubstantiality. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Quintbur.wps