Economic Considerations in Healthcare Decision Making
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A 9 page paper discussing the economic effects of policy makers’ decisions, both on healthcare and on the larger economy. The presence of the third-party payer masks the effect of elasticity of demand for health care, as it does its microeconomic effects. It does not mask the results, however. As politicians continue to haggle over the future of Medicare and it continues to set the standard for private health insurers, increasing numbers of households can expect to have decreased access to health care. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KShlthCareEcon.rtf

Economic Factors Affecting Home Health
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A 10 page paper discussing economic factors affecting the home health care industry. The bottom line for home health is that it is likely to be increasingly attractive to third-party payers because of its much lower cost relative to hospital or nursing facility care. Forecasts are only guesses, but they are not blind guesses. Ranking eighth among the Bureau of Labor Statistics' forecasts of industries with the largest wage and salary growth over the next decade bodes well for home health care as an industry. It will be left to individual businesses to take advantage of external economic conditions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSeconHmHlth.rtf

Economic Indicators 2006
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A 9 page paper examining three forecasts for each of 5 economic indicators and then relating those findings to the medical industry. The bottom line in nursing is that (1) currently active, practicing nurses have a wealth of opportunity available to them; (2) the profession is attracting greater interest among would-be students who could help ease the shortage in the future; but (3) the ongoing shortage has been in effect for so long that there is a shortage of nursing educators; and (4) those who could help ease the shortage cannot gain the training necessary for licensing. The situation is different for physicians and other health care professionals, but the bottom line for all is that demand for and costs of health care will continue to increase in the future. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: KSeconMac2006.rtf

Economic Principles Applied to Pharmaceutical Companies
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This 11 page paper applies a number of economic principles to pharmaceutical companies in the way in which they produce and then sell drugs. Pharmaceutical companies can produce drugs for only pennies a pill. These companies are protected by patent laws for new drugs they develop and with a patent protecting their product; they have an effective monopoly on the drug. If this drug is sold at marginal cost, no new drugs would ever be developed as the company must take into consideration the research, development and the drug approval costs which must be recovered. The company must find a balance in maximizing profits (as a monopoly) and having their marginal revenue cover their high initial costs (in order for consumers to afford their product). This paper discusses order these principles and includes 2 supply and demand graphs to illustrate the points raised in the paper. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEdrugprice.rtf

Economics Principles in the Health Care Environment
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A 6 page outline of a presentation of the effect that health care costs have on the larger economy. The issue is whether basic economic principles such as supply and demand and price elasticity apply to health care. The superficial view is that health care is above the law of economic principles, but the fact is that it is not. The paper discusses increase in per capita spending from 1960 to 1998 and stresses that as more is spent on health care, there is less for families, individuals and the government to spend on other things including education and medical research. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSeconHlthCare.rtf

Educating a 13-Year Old in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
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This 5 page paper discusses how a 13-year old girl could learn to manage her IBS, and what others can do to help her. It also describes the disease and treatment options. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVeduibs.rtf

Educating Parents To Manage Child Eczema
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A 22 page paper. Research regarding eczema is reported, including appropriate statistical data, the explosive increase in cases over three decades, symptoms, diagnosis, causes and discussions, including impact on quality of life. Another section reports and discusses research and expert discussions about the management of atopic eczema. Management is a multi-faceted approach that involves daily as well as acute flare-ups management. researchers consistently state there are few empirically-valid studies regarding the management of the condition and even fewer studies that focus on parent education in managing their child's eczema. Paper includes statistical Data. An Appendix lists and outline of sources in Table format. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PGeczm9.rtf

Education in Emergency Nurse Triage
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A 20 page paper discussing the concept of triage and the education of triage nurses in emergency departments. Triage is the process and practice of categorizing emergency room patients according to physical need to be seen by a physician. Triage categorizes patients according to physical need so that those who need to be seen first are, those who can wait do. The state of triage education is such that triage nurses may be greatly experienced and well trained, or they may be barely conversant in the concept. Efforts are underway to ensure that nurses performing triage duty are qualified and experienced. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: KSnursTriage.rtf

Educational Trends in Nursing: RN verses BSN
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A 5 page overview of the importance of advanced education in the nursing profession. Reviews the changes which have occurred in the health care environment which necessitate advanced education. Highly recommends the Bachelor of Science in nursing as a means of meeting the challenges of nursing. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPnrsBSN.wps

EECP Business Plan
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A 10 page paper providing a business case for adding Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) technology to the services offered by the hospital to treat coronary artery disease, specifically angina pectoris and congestive heart failure. The income that the hospital can expect from offering this service is much less than that associated with invasive treatments such as bypass surgery and angioplasty, but the greatly reduced cost of EECP treatment also makes it more accessible to those without sufficient insurance coverage and to those for whom insurers are reluctant to approve more invasive approaches. Includes financial analysis, a marketing plan and exit strategy. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KSnursEECPbizP.rtf

EECP Development Plan
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A 4 page paper providing a developmental plan, resource requirements and organizational structure for a new Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) treatment center at Coney Island Hospital. EECP qualifies as what Harvard’s Clayton Christensen terms a “disruptive technology,” a simpler approach to treating coronary heart disease in a far more cost effective manner than either open heart surgery or angioplasty. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSnursEECPdevPln.rtf

EECP Financial Plan
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A 5 page paper providing an executive summary and financial plan for a series of papers developing an EECP center at a large city hospital. Financial analyses include monthly cash flow for the first nine months; projected cash flow for the first five years; and projected balance sheets for the first five years. Spreadsheets available. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSnursEECPfinan.rtf

EEG Spectrum And Human Cognition
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An 8 page paper that discusses EEG neurofeedback in terms of cognition. The EEG spectrum provides the information needed for a person to train the brain to learn something new. This essay explains and discusses: the EEG spectrum, the history of EEG neurofeedback, research that has shown significant improvement in cognitive functioning, and the process of EEG neurofeedback training. Data included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGeegfd.wps

Effect of Fetal Death on Families
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This 14 page paper discusses the impact of fetal death on family, friends and supporters. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: HVFetDea.rtf

Effect of Syringe Size on Bruising: A Research Article Review
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of a research article on the effect of syringe size on bruising. This review of the article outlines the scientific merit and validity of the findings in this study, the assessment of a need for change, and a cost-benefit analysis of the process of change relative to the findings in the research study. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHArtRe6.rtf

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TERMINAL CARE PATIENTS, THEIR FAMILIES AND THE NURSING STAFF
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This 12 page paper discusses the role of the nurse in commuicating with the terminally ill patients and their families. Examples, four strategies defined. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MBdednurse.rtf

Effective Treatment of Childhood Obesity
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A 36 page research paper that examines the pandemic of childhood obesity. This literature review examines the empirical research on the topic of childhood obesity in order to discern the efficacy of treatment options for this epidemic, which is plaguing the industrialized nations. Conclusions are then drawn concerning the efficacy of these proposed treatments and/or programs and how the literature suggests that childhood obesity should be addressed in light of this data. The review concludes by discussing the implications of this research in regards to possible future studies that will add to this body of knowledge and contribute to the goal of effectively coping with this societal problem. Bibliography lists 19 sources.
Filename: khchfat.rtf

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Lung Tissue
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A 5 page discussion of the histological impacts of smoking. The author describes the breakdown of cellular membranes and the disruption that occurs in normal cell division as a result of smoking. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPlungTs.rtf

Effects of Cocaine Use on the Brain: Regions of the Brain, Neurotransmitters, Long and Short Term Effects
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the effects of cocaine use on the brain. Abstract included. Cocaine has been found to be one of the most popular and easily available addictive drugs in today’s population. The popularity of cocaine is not only in its increased availability and decreased price over the past few decades but also because of its addictive qualities. The addictive nature of cocaine is based on the neurotransmitter dopamine which is responsible for the emotional feeling of a “high” from cocaine use. Cocaine inhibits the reuptake mechanism for dopamine concentrations in the synaptic cleft on specific neurotransmitters and the resulting higher concentration leads to an increased emotional response. Short and long terms effects of cocaine use have been shown to include brain hemorrhages, seizures, hypertension, high blood pressure, tachycardia, developmental problems in “crack babies” and in some cases death. While these severe effects are due to cocaine use, other severe effects can also result from cocaine withdrawal. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJEfCoc1.rtf

Effects of High Heels on Women's Backs
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This 5 page research paper examines the negative impact of high-heel shoes on women's backs and offers suggestions to alleviate such pain. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Heelback.rtf

Effects Of Hypothyroidism
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3 pages in length. Hypothyroidism - a medical condition whereby an underactive thyroid does not produce an adequate amount of hormone for the body to function normally - has many offshoot consequences above and beyond the physical issues that can manifest from the condition; because of lacking the hormone thyroxin, the body's energy level suffers as does its metabolism, so lethargy and weight gain are two side effects that can impact a person's self-esteem. This is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg, however, inasmuch as a number of other undesirable physical problems develop that also influence how an individual feels about herself, not the least of which includes dry, coarse hair; rough, dry skin; thinning hair; constipation; depression; loss of memory; irritability and decreased sex drive. Any one of these symptoms may not cause a person to think poorly of herself but when experienced in tandem can create an unfavorable image all due to an improperly working thyroid gland. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCHypothyr.rtf

Effects of Second Hand Smoke
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This 5 page paper takes as its hypothesis the idea that second hand smoke increases the risk of physical illness in those exposed to it. It discusses reports that support this hypothesis, but also explains the research process used to obtain the findings. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HV2ndHnd.rtf

Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on G Proteins
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This 12 page report discusses the effects of volatile (inhalation) anesthetics on G-proteins. G proteins are a key to the chemical “switches” that get take place in order to communicate messages in the body. As the receptors react, they change shape which then allows for the G protein to also change. It releases the a GDP molecule and grabs onto a related molecule called GTP. Having attached the GTP to itself, it then acts on membrane processes such as enzymes and ion channels. That process then results in a new “messenger” molecule -- cyclic AMP. An 'enzymatic cascade' then takes place because the AMP causes a protein reaction. A literature review is included that outlines a number of the projects regarding the subject that have been undertaken in the past decade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWvolane.rtf

Elasticity of Demand: Health Care
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A 9 page paper discussing the microeconomic effects of spiraling health care costs. The presence of the third-party payer masks the effect of elasticity of demand for health care, as it does its microeconomic effects. It does not mask the results, however. As politicians continue to haggle over the future of Medicare and it continues to set the standard for private health insurers, increasing numbers of households can expect to have decreased access to health care. Includes 1 chart. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSeconHlthElas.rtf

Elizabeth Fenn's Pox Americana
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This 5 page paper examines the book in the context of a hypothetical example provided by a student. In a letter addressed to the Commissioner of New York State's Health Department, a student relays how the book may be used to initiate unique public service announcements. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA411pox.rtf

Embryonic Stem Cells
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A 5 page research paper/essay that, first of all, examines what is being done in embryonic stem cell research, its potentials for therapeutic treatments. Then, the writer argues against the proposed ban against human stem cell research. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khstemcl.wps

Emergency Medical Services Communication Barriers to Access for Prostitutes, Transsexuals and the Homeless Population
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This is a 6 page paper with added tutorial language discussing the emergency medical services communication barriers which exist in the special populations of prostitutes, transsexuals and homeless populations. Although various emergency and health care services are offered in Toronto and the province of Ontario, the populations of homeless people, prostitutes and transsexuals are reluctant to use these services. All three of these populations have reported harassment, and “treat ‘em and street ‘em” minimal services from emergency health care services. This adds to the reluctance to contact these services in addition to the fear of contacting official agencies because of the legal implications. Incidence of drug and alcohol abuse and underage prostitution in addition to the high degree of violence associated with prostitution lead to an obvious initial degree of reluctance to contact authorities in regards to emergency assistance. Unfortunately, these populations have a higher need of emergency services than most due to the increase risk of substance abuse, exposure to disease and in the case of transsexuals, complications due to the administration of hormones. Despite the findings from most studies, initial examination of services offered in homeless shelters in the Toronto area show that these first contact agencies do not include access to emergency and health care services. In order to improve communication to these populations first contact should perhaps be instigated through these initial services. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJEMSba1.rtf

Emergency Medical Services: A Critical Link in the "Chain of Survival"
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An 8 page discussion of the importance of emergency medical services in saving lives. Contends that emergency medical services are the first line of defense against death. Emphasizes the importance of these services in all types of medical emergencies but stresses cardiac arrest as a particularly critical need for emergency services. Concludes that the key to decreasing mortality, however, is not just the presence of an emergency medical team or medical facility but a combination of a medically aware and conscientious public, adequate emergency equipment and facilities, and adequately trained emergency medical staff. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPmedEmr.wps

Emergency Room Organization and Administration
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A 5 page paper assessing 5 Internet sources discussing aspects of improving patient care while striving to make ER operation more efficient. The paper discusses a Texas effort to transfer Medicare patients from rural to urban hospitals; the use of software to track patients’ progress through the ER; and the use of “product” process flow to achieve Total Quality Management (TQM) principles of increased quality with simultaneous increased efficiency. MLA-style bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KShospERorg.rtf

Emerging And Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases
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A 12 page paper that begins with an explanation of infectious diseases. Beginning fifty years ago, the medical profession believed that infectious diseases were under control and in fact, believed that many had been eliminated entirely. That turned out to be a naïve assumption. Over the past two decades, we have seen both "emerging" and "re-emerging" infectious diseases become a major health problem in many geographic regions. This paper identifies some of the emerging diseases and some of the re-emerging diseases and discusses the factors involved in their appearance. The writer comments on bioterrorism but points to other reasons as being far more significant in both emerging infectious diseases and re-emerging diseases. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PGinfct.rtf

Emerging Standards of Culturally Competent Care
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This 15 page paper discusses the concept of culturally competent care and in particular, how it can be implemented at Tripler Army Medical Center in Hawai’i. Bibliography lists 8 sources
Filename: HVTrpler.rtf

Emotional Suppression in the Development of Illness
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This 7 page report discusses the fact that research over the past several decades has validated what ancient and traditional healers have known for centuries -- the connection between the mind or the individual consciousness of a person and his or her body cannot be dismissed. What modern researchers have found is that there is no single way in which emotions affect health but, instead follow many pathways. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWemosup.rtf

EMPHYSEMA
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This 3 page paper gives a scholarly overview of the disease, emphysema, with an emphasis on clinical research. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBempyh.rtf

Emphysema
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This 12 page paper provides a comprehensive overview of emphysema, one of the two primary chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD). This paper offers an beginning introduction to how the lung functions, focusing on how emphysema affects the functioning. Other topics include: incidence of the disease; symptoms; diagnosis; treatment and prognosis. Bibliography lists 7 sources. tf
Filename: PGemphys.r

Empirical Evaluation
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5 pages in length. The capacity to heal involves the interwoven aspects of body, mind and spirit; to remove any part of this equation is to significantly impair the potential for complete restoration of health. By the same token, those who surround the patient in a care-giving role (nurses, family, friends) play an integral part in this holistic approach and must be taken into consideration when measuring levels of distress and risk factors involved with maintaining that holistic outlook. Understanding the distress level and risk factors of patients, family and caregivers serves as a barometer of how successfully patients are able to tap into all three components of holistic healing: mind, body and spirit. This study sought to determine to what extent distress levels and risk factors were exacerbated or mitigated in each of the groups (patient, family, caregiver) with weekly sessions of psychological therapy. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCempireval.rtf

Employment in the Pharmaceutical Industry
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This 5 page paper considers they type of jobs available in the pharmaceutical industry, the payment rates, qualifications and overall culture and structure of the industry. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEpharma.wps

EMTALA and Illegal Aliens
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A 6 page paper. EMTALA is the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act enacted as part of COBRA in 1986 with the final regulations being published in 1995. This paper explains this law's mandates to emergency rooms and also reports some of the many ERs that had to close their doors. The paper discusses the impact of providing unpaid services to illegal aliens, which is one of the key reasons ERs have closed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PGemtala.rtf

Enalapril and Heart Failure
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An 8 page overview of the use of ACE inhibitors to treat hypertension. This paper demonstrates that while Enalapril is a useful drug in the treatment of this condition, it is a drug that can only be administered under very precise criteria and with a consideration of several relevant facts. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPenalpr.rtf

End Of Life Care And The Importance Of Advance Directives
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5 pages in length. The writer discusses the consequences of not having advance directives where end of life care is concerned. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCEndLfAdvD.rtf

End Stage Renal Failure: Hemodialysis And The Elderly
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15 pages in length. The writer describes the procedure of hemodialysis and then discusses the biological and sociological impacts that end stage renal failure and this procedure have upon the elderly. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TLCrenal.doc