Cyborg or Quality of Life?
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A 13 page paper discussing where IT should go in supporting "bionics" research. Biomedical and biomechanical research is totally dependent on the availability of high-volume and high-dependability computing systems. The fears of creating a cyborg are ill founded. Though they make great entertainment and provide many ideas for philosophical exercise, they cannot overcome the laws of physics on which reality is based. The benefits of biomedical enhancement are clear, however. They have the ability not only to improve afflicted individuals' quality of life in practical terms, but also to carry positive effect in sociological realms. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: KSsocITcyborg.rtf

Cymbalta
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A 4 page paper which examines the new drug cymbalta. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAcym.rtf

Cytochrome P450
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Cytochrome P450 (CYP450 or P450) is the term used for a sizeable quantity of oxidative enzymes that are evolutionarily related. This 24 page paper looks at what these enzymes are, where they are found, their catalytic cycle, the physical characteristics, the importance to humans including how they are induced in humans, the genes and what happens when they do not function correctly. The bibliography cites 30 sources.
Filename: TEcytoP450.rtf

David Morris/Postmodern Illness
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A 3 page essay that discusses the principal thesis in Morris's What is Postmodern Illness? In this text, Morris addresses the topic of disease from the standpoint of how specific illnesses have interacted with culture, embedding themselves into the fabric of a society. As Morris points out, it is a "curious fact that almost every era seems marked by a distinctive illness that defines or deeply influences it" (Morris 50). In the sections leading up to his discussion of what constitutes a defining illness for the postmodern era, Morris explores how "Plague, melancholy, gout, syphilis, tuberculosis and cancer" influenced special eras in history (Morris 56). The writer discusses Morris's take on the bubonic plague, tuberculosis and AIDS. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khdmill.rtf

Deaf children - communication barriers
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A paper which looks at some of the communication barriers facing deaf children, using the social model of disability, and considering the kinds of therapy, support and educational facilities available to deaf children. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLdeafcom.rtf

Dealing with the Uninsured
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A 6 page paper discussing the operation of New York's Metropolitan Hospital Center, a public hospital part of the health care network of New York City, and the growing numbers of uninsured patients it serves. As a public hospital, it is not dependent only on payment for services for revenue, but it also does not have unlimited funds available to it. The paper suggests that the hospital offer a permanent "health fair" area in which it can offer health screenings at minimal charge to those who have no other access to health care. Individuals can monitor their own cholesterol, blood sugar (nondiabetics, of course) and other factors that doctors monitor for others. The hospital can provide health promotion services, increase its service to the community and readily identify those with serious needs that the city needs to support in treatment. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KShlthCrUninsed.rtf

Dealing with the Uninsured 2
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A 5 page paper discussing how rising numbers of uninsured patients might affect New York City's Metropolitan Hospital Center (MHC) in the future, and some of the ways that MHC can act to meet those future challenges. The paper discusses staffing, physical space, technology and structural changes that the hospital could consider to help it to continue to serve the local community in the way it intends, even though growing numbers have no insurance support. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KShlthCarUninsNY2.rtf

Death and Dying
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An 8 page discussion of the variation that exists among cultures in regard to the way theology affects the way death and dying are approached by the individual and the family. This paper explores Christian and Muslim theology and how it determines such things as receptivity to physician assisted suicide and family vigilance. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPrlgDth.rtf

DECUBITUS ULCERS, ELDER CARE AND COSTS: AN ANALYSIS
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This 12-page paper focuses on the cost of decubitus ulcers to nursing homes. The paper discusses causes of decubitus ulcers, provides statistics on costs (and why the costs are incurred) and offers some solutions to reduce cost. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MTdeculc.rtf

Deep Brain Stimulation For Parkinson's And Dystonia
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A 5 page paper that explains what deep brain stimulation is, how the procedure is performed, on whom it is performed, the difference in treatment of Parkinson's and dystonia patients and early results. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGdbspk.rtf

Deep Wound Infection and Blood Glucose Levels: A Proposed Study
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A 19 page overview of the many concerns presented by poor blood glucose level protocols for surgery patients. This paper outlines the literature on the subject and presents the methodology and data analysis for a proposed study. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPglycemicHrtSurgPart2.rtf

Deep Wound Infection and Blood Glucose Levels: A Proposed Study
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A 21 page overview of the many concerns presented by poor blood glucose level protocols for surgery patients. This paper outlines the literature on the subject and presents the methodology and data analysis for a proposed study. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPglycemicHrtSurgPart2revised.rtf

Defining Death
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A 7 page review of the evolution in the way we define death. This paper suggests technology has played a critical role in that definition. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPdeathBrain.rtf

Defining the Nursing Contribution to Patient Outcome
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An 11 page exploration of the relationship which exists between nursing contribution and patient outcome. The author of this paper asserts a more and more predominant theme in nursing is the nurse’s one-on-one interaction with the patient and the consideration of such factors as culture and even spiritualism in patient care delivery. While at one time nursing was a discipline which concentrated primarily on the science of human anatomy and physiology, nursing has evolved to a discipline which recognizes not only the hard scientific facts of physiology but also the importance of psychological and sociological factors. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPnrsOut.rtf

Definitions of Deviance
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An 8 page discussion of our societal construct of deviance. Under the medical model deviance is nothing more than a pathology, a view many psychiatrists and sociologists find disquieting. These same professionals prefer to look at deviance form a conflict and labeling standpoint. They view it as not simply a disease but something that can also be caused by society itself in the way we tend to categorize those that are outside the norm. The author reviews each of these approaches and concludes that despite the many criticisms of the medical model of deviance, there are many advantages to approaching deviance as a pathology. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdevia2.rtf

DEHYDRATION, ITS EFFECTS AND TREATMENTS
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This 11 page paper details the effects of dehydration on the body, some common causes, and the treatment of mild to severe dehydration. Examples are given, for both the geriatric patient and for a pediatric application. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Mbdehy.rtf

Dementia
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A 5 page paper which examines the pathology, etiology, symptoms, complications, diagnoses, prognosis, and treatment of this collective term used to describe several types of diseases. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TGdementia.rtf

Dementia
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A 6 page paper which examines dementia. An outline is included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAdeemt.rtf

Dementia
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7 pages in length. Technological advancement is routinely heralded as the saving grace of the human race; with people living longer and – for the most part – healthier lives by virtual of medical technology, the elderly are able to age with a greater quality of life. However, there are downsides to the greatly extended lifespan many countries experience where modern discovery is unable to slow down the progression of disease, not the least of which is that of dementia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCDementia.rtf

Dementia
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An 8 page research paper on dementia. Dementia is often regarded by the general public to be a common, and therefore, a “normal,” part of aging. However, dementia is not normal, but is, rather, a pathological condition that prevents individuals who develop this neurological disorder from living autonomously and fully. Individuals suffering from dementia often become a burden on their families, as their loss of cognitive function makes independent living in older years impossible. It is important to accurately diagnose and treat dementia in order to provide a level of care that will facilitate, to the greatest extent possible, older individuals retaining autonomy and a high quality of life. In other words, knowledge of the various types of dementia and the nature of dementia is essential to providing a high level of care and in making decisions associated with the care of dementia patients. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: khdem2.rtf

Dental Fillings The History, Types and Uses
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An 8 page discussion of the history of dental fillings. Traces the filling from ancient times to present exploring the various types of materials which were used. Explains that the choice of filling is related to performance but also to availability and cost. Notes that the evolutionary path of fillings is tied as well to the evolutionary paths of other dentistry aspects such as drill evolution and the development of molding techniques and materials. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdentFi.doc

Dental Hygiene and Pediatric Patients' Special Needs
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A 6 page paper discussing some of the advantages hygienists have over parents in influencing children and teens to practice proper hygienic activities. As a growing segment of the population slips between those groups eligible for public dental care and those able to take advantage of routine private care, the message of the hygienist has become more important than at any other time. As a professional who is not that voice of 'parent,' teens also are frequently more apt to listen to the message of the hygienist and put it into practice. The paper also addresses what constitutes a 'healthy' snack in the context of dental hygiene, such as cheese for neutralizing enamel-damaging acids and raw, crunchy fruits and vegetables for their cleansing benefits as well as their nutrient value. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Denthyg.wps

Dental Hygiene And Phobia
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There are many people who, for different reasons, have a very real and often debilitating fear of dentists. The fear of pain or the use of a needle, an aversion to the sights, sounds or smells that are encountered in a dentist's office or a cultural background that lends no importance to dental health - all of these could keep a person away from the dentist. The solution accepted by most professionals is an emphasis on preventative measures. Better dental care and early intervention will decrease the probability of painful, complicated or intrusive measures and possibly reduce the mount of trauma associated with the visit. This 10 page paper looks at phobia in terms of dentistry and the best strategy for an effective influence on dental phobia - education about and strict adherence to preventative measures such as using fluoride, efficient personal dental care, regular visits to the dentist and attention to the diet. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: Dentphob.wps

Dental Hygienist
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A 3 page research paper that outlines the benefits of this career path and offers advise on how best to express appreciation for this career option in an application to dental hygiene school. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khteeth.rtf

Dental Implants
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A 5 page research paper in which the writer discusses root form implants, -- one type of dental implant being touted as a significant way of replacing dentures and uncomfortable dental prosthetics. The process utilizes a titanium "screw" onto which replacement teeth are secured. Bibliography lists 4 sources cited.
Filename: Dental.wps

Dental Phobia
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In 6 pages the author discusses the condition commonly known as dental phobia. There are many phobias experienced by people. Some are afraid of heights. Others are afraid of closed-in spaces. One big phobia among today's population is dental phobia. Yes, that's right. The fear of dentists and/or dental procedures is a really big one. In fact, a surprising number of people have dental phobia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Phobdent2.wps

Dental Phobia
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This 7 page paper examines the phenomenon of dental phobia and what can be done about it. Oral hygiene is discussed. The thesis of the paper is that the fact that most dentistry is cosmetic exacerbates the phobia that might otherwise easily be conquered. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA414pho.rtf

Dental Phobias: Reasons to Seek Therapy
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A 7 page discussion of the reasons behind dental phobias and the methodologies for treatment of those phobias. Outlines the sometimes gruesome history of dentistry and the reputation which it has incurred as a result of that history. Discusses early experiences at the dentist office which result in phobias of future visits. Emphasizes that phobias are not a reason to ignore needed dental procedure. Concludes that ignoring the problem is not a guarantee that it will disappear nor is it a guarantee that a relatively easy-to-treat condition will not progress into a potentially life threatening condition, or at the least a very serious condition, if left untreated. Dental phobias are not an excuse for avoiding the dentist office. Instead, they are a reason to seek out appropriate counseling. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPdntPhb.wps

Dentistry and Criminal Law
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts the careers of dentistry and criminal law. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVDenLaw.rtf

Depression and Suicide: The Youngest Victims
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A 9 page overview of two extremely alarming phenomena: childhood depression and suicide. Concerns regarding the use of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), one of the most widely prescribed drugs for childhood depression, a category that includes fluoxetine (Prozac[R]), fluvoxamine (Luvox[R]), paroxetine (Paxil[R]), and sertraline (Zoloft[R]), are addressed.
Filename: PPchdSu1.rtf

Depression Following CABG Surgery
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A 4 page paper discussing the association of depression and bypass surgery. There are more than a half million coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries done in the United States each year. Depression has been associated with the surgery for years, either as a condition existing before the surgery or as something that develops afterwards. The most common view is that it develops afterward, but the literature review contained in this paper includes research suggesting that depression that does not exist prior to bypass surgery likely will not develop after it, either. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSnursBypDep.rtf

Depression Treatment: Annotated Bibliography
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A 5 page annotated bibliography of articles addressing the use of drugs to treat pediatric depression. Some articles are older than 2004, but most were published after announcement of warnings of using newer antidepressant drugs in children. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: KSpsycDepAnBib.rtf

Depression; A State of Being or a State of Doing?
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This 4 page paper discuss the extent to which depression is a state of doing rather than a state of being; is it something we are or something we do? The paper looks at how this may be discussed by looking at literature and studies which indicate different sources of depression. The bibliography cites 4n sources.
Filename: TEdepdoing.rtf

Dermal Pharmacology
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5 pages in length. Explains the discipline of pharmacology and the science of the chemistry and pharmacology of the skin. The ability of the epidermis to absorb chemicals and the various layers of the skin are described, as well as terms such as desquamation and keratinization. A fascinating look at the role of this organ of our bodies. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAderml.wps

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
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5 pages in length. Considered relatively uncommon, the soft tissue neoplasm distinction of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is classified as having a malignancy grade of low to intermediate. Metastasis is not a prominent concern with this cancer inasmuch as it remains localized; however, a critical component of DFSP is its aggressive nature and high recurrence rate. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCDermPro.rtf

Designer Babies
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An 8 page research paper that investigates the possible ethical ramifications of biotechnological advancements that predict the advent of "designer babies," that is, children whose genes have been manipulated for certain traits or bodily characteristics. Based on futuristic predictions, the writer argues against the morality of such technology. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khdeskid.rtf

Designing a Test To Assess a Link between the Emotion of Fear and the Amygdale
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This 4 page paper designs a test to assess if there is any link between the amygdale within the brain and the emotional of fear in human subjects. The paper looks at the best way to image the responses in the brain and then at how issues such as ethics can be overcome and how the test could be conducted. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEfearamy.rtf

Detailed Overview Of Euthanasia
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6 pages in length. The concept of euthanasia is one that prevents terminally ill patients from having to endure one more moment of an artificial existence. Being kept alive through the intervention of drugs and other invasive treatments goes against the very grain of what is known as one's quality of life. In order to have quality of life, the patient must be in such a frame of mind and body where life is a pleasure and not merely a perpetual struggle. A person who is suffering from a terminal illness inevitably experiences many things that affect the daily routine. It is not long before the patient is forced to depend upon others to do many of the menial tasks that once were a simple part of everyday life. As this occurs, patients encounter feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy, believing that they have become a burden to those around them. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCDetEu.rtf

Determining Listeria monocytogenes Kill Curves
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A 5 page paper describing an experiment designed to result in kill curves for Listeria monocytogenes in orange juice when treated with heat. L. monocytogenes is a relatively rare but potentially deadly food-borne contaminant and is resistant not only to heat, acidity and salt treatment but also is known to thrive at low temperatures that indicate that even refrigeration is not an effective deterrent to its growth. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Listeria.wps

Developing A Learning Community In A Hospital
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This 14 page paper begins by reporting and discussing the many definitions of 'learning community.' The paper then discusses how to develop a learning community in a hospital using a real case study as an example. The processes the hospital used are discussed, explained and related to the common elements of a learning community. The writer discusses the importance of the nurse executive's role in such a process by discussing the roles of a nurse executive. The final section is an outline of the steps recommended to develop a learning community in a hospital. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PGlrnhsp.rtf