King Ferdinand VII's Contribution to Mexican Independence
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A 15 page paper discussing how Spain's King Ferdinand VII unwittingly contributed to Mexican independence occurring when and in the manner it did. The paper provides a review of the factions active in New Spain at the beginning of the independence movement, which largely coincided with Ferdinand's imprisonment in France while Napoleon had control of Spain. Ferdinand had a difficult life and a reactionary personal philosophy, but he gave objectivity over to the consequences of the abuses he had suffered. Ferdinand could have been a leader but chose not to be; his reward is that of being known as the Spanish king who lost most of Spain's colonial holdings. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSFerdVII.wps

Land Reform in Latin America
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5 pages. There have been many battles over the land situation in Latin America that date back to the Colonial Period. This paper traces the source of these controversies, how they began and why they are still happening. The effect on the people of the different countries in Latin America regarding their land situation is enormous. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAltina.rtf

LAND REFORM POLICIES:BRAZIL
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This 3 page paper discusses and analyzes the current land reform ideas of Brazil's president Lula. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBlula.rtf

Landless Workers Movement In Brazil
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This 7 page paper discusses the Landless Workers Movement (MST), explaining how it came to be, the events that acted as a catalyst for the establishment of this group. This is one movement that began as a massive grassroots campaign and it continues to be so, with no formal organization. The purpose of this movement is the redistribution of land in Brazil, correcting the extreme inequity that exists, e.g., 1 percent of the population owns nearly 45 percent of the land. The essay discusses the origins of the MTS, purpose and goals, actions, successes and so on. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGmstbz.rtf

Language as an Expression of Culture: Spanish
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A 5 page paper which examines how the language of Latino people expresses different aspects of their culture(s). Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAmexlan.rtf

Latin America
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A five page paper which looks at economic dependence in Latin American countries during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Bibliography lists i source
Filename: JLlatam.rtf

Latin America & The Self-Fulfilling Image
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A 4 page research paper on how the image of Latin America affects its people. The writer details various stereotypes about Latin America, and specifically those which affect Indians and their economic and social position. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Latin2.wps

Latin America -- Political Force and Social Evolution
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A 5 page paper that demonstrates the impacts of major political force on the small communities of Latin America over the course of the past 4 centuries. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Polevol.wps

Latin America / On the Road to Democracy
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A comprehensive, 17 page examination of socio-political trends in Latin America leading to Democracy. The writer looks at how the continent has finally begun to develop a positive image of the U.S., the significance of NAFTA as a partnership between the U.S. & Mexico, The Miami Summit of the Americas, and much more. The positive influences of several key Latin-American politicians and leaders are examined as well. Bibliography lists 12+ sources.
Filename: Latinde.doc

Latin America / On the Road to Democracy # 2
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A shorter, 9 page version of Latindem.wps, in which the writer discusses Latin America's newfound interest in Democracy, respect for the United States, participation in trade partnerships, and more. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Latindem.wps

Latin America / Women's Rights
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A 12 page paper that provides an overview of the current issues for women in Latin America. This paper considers the treatment of women and women's rights in Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: Latinwmn.wps

Latin America Transformed/Gwynne & Kay, Eds.
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A 3 page books review of this text, edited by Robert N. Gweynne and Cristobal Kay. The editors address the fact that Latin American studies over the past several decades have been highly fragmented. Studies performed within the realm of various disciplines, i.e., economics, political science, etc., have alluded to a broader context only in passing, if at all. Therefore, the stated intention of the editors in compiling this text is to offer a holistic evaluation of the transformation of Latin American that characterizes the region's recent history. To accomplish this purpose, the editors adopt a "political economy approach," which "consciously tries to integrate political, economic, social and geographical phenomena" (Gweynne and Kay 3). Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khlatran.rtf

LATIN AMERICA’S ANSWER TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
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This 5 page paper discusses the attempts by Latin America to right its economy and enjoy the benefits of globalization. Examples of trial and error are given as well as predictions for the future. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MBlatin.rtf

Latin America/3 Issues
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A 6 page research paper that examines 3 issues in Latin American society in 3 two-page discussions. The topics covered are: the role of women in Latin America & Economic impact of that role; the role of Catholic Church in history & inroads made by other religions; and the role of indigenous people & their needs. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: khla3is.rtf

Latin America: Economic Transitions After Colonialism
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An 8 page discussion of the economic structure of Latin America during and after colonialism. Notes the transitions countries had to go through after obtaining independence. Emphasizes that these countries still depend heavily on the export of largely raw products and the import of highly processed products, a potentially precarious economic situation. Provides specific examples of the economic transformations of Peru, Mexico and Brazil. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPlatEcn.wps

Latin America: Lessons From History, Direction for the Future
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An 11 page overview of the political and economic concerns which have faced Latin America and the viable solutions to those problems. Briefly presents the Barbados, Mexico, Peru, and Brazil as an example of country which are continually struggling with their problems and the solutions which are being implemented. Provides a detailed overview of CARICOM (the Caribbean Community and Common Market) and suggests that it presents one of the most viable solutions to the problems in the Caribbean in particular. Written from the perspective of an advisor to a new president of a fictional Caribbean country.
Filename: PPacerim.wps

Latin America: Development And Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
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7 pages in length. The writer discusses the following two points: 1) Mexico and Argentina's developmental similarities and differences, and 2) the emergence of bureaucratic authoritarianism in Latin America as caused by the export boom. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCspnmx.doc

Latin America: Independence From Colonial Domination
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3 pages in length. Postcolonial Latin America yearned for the ability to break out from the oppressive constraints of the dictatorship that precluded its people's opportunity for freedom. It can be argued that autocratic rule was part and parcel of Latin America's existence all the way up to the point of its self-independence that was finally realized by those who had been held down for so long. Instrumental to the overall conquest of independence was the coupling of social realities and intellectual developments, as well as issues surrounding the economic and political stability of Spain and Portugal. While many of the motivating factors for freedom were the result of external forces, there were also some internal elements that helped to assist the eventual move toward Latin American independence. The writer discusses Latin America's self-independence. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCLatAm.wps

Latin American Democracy
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5 pages in length. The writer discusses the progression of democracy in Latin America by addressing the following topics: postcolonialism, legislation and civil liberties. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCLADem.rtf

Latin American Economic History
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The history of Latin America includes a number of similar occurrences among the different countries. The Spanish conquest and subsequent colonialization is one, the eventual independence of each is another and the tumultuous political and economic history is yet another. This 8 page paper explores three aspects of the social, political and economic history of Latin America. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTsaecon.wps

LATIN AMERICAN GENDER ROLES AND HOMOSEXUALITY
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This 8 page paper discusses the societal views toward gender roles and homosexuality in the history of Latin America. Specific examples given. Quotes cited from texts. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MBqueer.rtf

Latin American Revolutions and Marxist Thought
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This 6 page paper discusses the typical Marxist model of revolution, and argues that Latin American revolutions do not usually fit into this structure though they are related. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVMrxRev.rtf

Latin American Women in the Colonial Period
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An 8 page research paper. The colonial period in Latin America encompasses roughly four hundred years. During that time the role and status of women evolved and changed, according to the economic and sociopolitical atmosphere of the era and the region. The following examination of the role of women in Latin America focuses on what four texts reveal about this topic. The authors focus on different regions and address this topic from different perspectives, which serve to illuminate understanding of women's role during the Latin American colonial period. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khlacowo.rtf

Latino Americans
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A 5 page paper which examines the culture and experiences of the Latino Americans today. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAlatam.rtf

Latino Groups in the United States
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This 3 page paper discusses the Cubans, Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in the U.S. with regard to their society, politics, economic standing, religion and familial standing. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVLatGrp.rtf

Latinos, Poverty and Immigration in the U.S.
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This is a 10 page paper discussing Latinos, immigration and poverty in the U.S. The January 2003 U.S. Census reported that for the first time in history, Latinos have become the largest minority group in the U.S. That being said, Latino immigrants are also one of the poorest populations in the U.S. with more rather than fewer restrictions being placed on their welfare benefits, employment opportunities and health care access within the last decade. Several barriers for Latino immigrants continue to keep the poverty rate high within the population. In addition to education and language barriers which prevent them from access to better work opportunities and health care, political and segregation barriers such as welfare restrictions and work area pay penalties within industries which are almost exclusively manned by Latino and minority workers prevent them from opportunities to get out of the poverty ridden barrios in the larger metropolitan areas. There are some situations which provide better income opportunities for Latinos, primarily Mexican immigrant laborers, such as those in the Napa area of California but overall the average Latino family income is twenty-five percent less than its Anglo equivalent and will continue to worsen unless changes are made to meet the needs of this growing population. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TJLatim1.rtf

Legalism And Dependency Theory / Applying Social Theory To Chile's Pinochet
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This 3 page paper considers the events surrounding the arrest of ex-Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet and the request by the Spanish government for extradition as it can be explained through the application of particular paradigms, including formal legalism and dependency theory. No bibliography.
Filename: Legalide.wps

Liberation Theology
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A 15 page research paper that describes the history and development of Latin American liberation theology. Liberation theology is a term that was coined in 1973 by Gustavo Gutierrez, a Peruvian Roman Catholic priest (Berrman, 1987). This branch of theological thought refers to Latin American Catholics who subscribe to the idea that Christianity should be primarily concerned with focusing on liberating people from oppression and poverty. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: khlibth2.rtf

Liberation Theology and Spirituality
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This 4 page paper looks at the life and times of Gutiérrez and how his ideas on spirituality mesh with his notions of liberation theology. Notions of class differentiation and the poor and what the Catholic church should do are discussed. The history of liberation theology is touched on. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA310LT.rtf

Lifting the Embargo on Cuba
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A 7 page paper which examines how and why the United States should lift the embargo on Cuba and allow travel and trade. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAcuba5.rtf

Los Tigres del Norte: Music from San Jose, California
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A 6 page paper which looks at the musical group Los Tigres del Norte from San Jose, California. The paper examines the music as it relates to the culture of the group and San Jose, examining the group’s evolution and future. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAtigres.rtf

Magic Realism In Hispanic Literature
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23 pages in length. In a world that combines fantasy and reality to create an image much grander than life, magic realism is a space and time not many authors have successfully captured. Hispanic-American literature is most assuredly the leader of magic realism, which is defined as a mingling of characters and events in such a way that perfectly blends realistic and mythical elements to create a strangely familiar world. The fantastic qualities of magic realism are found most predominantly in Latin-American works that came to the forefront of the literary world between 1949 and 1970. The writer discusses the concept of magic realism as it relates to Hispanic-American literature, as well as documents the contributions of four gifted writers. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Magchisp.wps

Manifest Destiny & The Mexican War
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This 5 page paper defines and explores the concept of manifest destiny. The position taken is that the United States was wrong in its action to violently seize Mexican property. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Manimexi.wps

Marta Laureano case
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A paper which considers the recent case of Marta Laureano and the issues it raises with regard to child abuse and the importance of bilingualism in a multi-cultural society. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLkiser.rtf

Media in Brazil
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This 8 page paper evaluates media in Brazil and compares and contrasts it to American media. Hofstede's model is used in the analysis. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: SA249Br.rtf

Medical Considerations for the African/Caribbean Culture
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A 7 page discussion of the manner in which this broad cultural classification differs from the mainstream population in regard to their interaction with medical professionals. The author emphasizes that while there are differences, there are also similarities. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcaribA.rtf

Mega-Stores in Latin America
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This 10 page paper discusses the impact of "megastores" and "hypermarkets" on markets in Latin America and some of the issues surrounding these giants. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: HVMegast.rtf

Memoirs of Bernardo Vega
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A 6 page analysis of "Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: A contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican Community in New York." This work offers a comprehensive overview of Puerto Rican experience in New York City. The writer specifically addresses issues having to do with racism and prejudice. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99vega.wps

MERCOSUR’s Role in Argentina’s Economic Collapse
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A 5 page paper discussing whether MERCOSUR can be held responsible in any way for Argentina’s economic collapse in 2001-2002. MERCOSUR brought promise of increased trade with South American neighbors until the Argentine economy could improve to the point that it could attain membership in NAFTA. There were other factors at work, however, and the growth expected to originate with MERCOSUR-based trade never materialized. MERCOSUR could have no influence on factors such as tax structure, central banking and fiscal policy, all of which can be shown to have direct influence on Argentina’s economic collapse. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSargEconCol2.rtf

Mestizaje In Latin America
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A 4 page paper discussing the intent of the Spanish and Portuguese in insisting that indigenous populations of Latin American minority groups intermarry in a process of blanqueamiento or 'whitening.' The intent was to preserve the superiority of the conquerors by destroying any ethnic identity and so prevent resistance from any single ethnic group. What they failed to realize is that the common ground of mulatto status also provides that common ground with which to identify. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Mestizaje.wps