Ivan the Terrible.
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(6 pp). Ivan IV or Ivan the Terrible,1530-84, grand duke of Moscow (1533-84), was the first Russian ruler to assume formally the title of czar. Ivan the Terrible, the most famous tsar before Peter the Great and the most brutal ruler of Russia before Stalin, inherited the throne as a three-year-old boy on the death of his father, Vasily III, in 1533. Officially the new tsar became Ivan IV; he was awarded the title of Terrible (in Russian, ???????, "threatening" "inspiring awe or fear") by later historians. Ivan IV enjoyed the longest reign in Russian history--to the distress of his people. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BBivanTT.doc

Jacques Levesque's Enigma of 1989 (Book Review)
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of the book Enigma of 1989 and critiques it. Several reviews are cited in an evaluation of this work on the fall of the USSR. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA316USS.rtf

Jewish Life in Stalinist Russia
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A 5 page research paper that investigates the autobiography of Mary Leder (My Life in Stalinist Russia, 2001) in order to report on what life was like in the former Soviet Union for Jews and how and why this changed after World War II. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khmlussr.rtf

Josef Stalin 1879-1953
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A 24 page paper. Josef Stalin was born Ioseb Dzhugashvili in 1879. He died under vague circumstance in 1953. He ruled the Soviet Union for almost a quarter of a century. Tens of millions died under his rule. This essay presents a biography of Stalin and includes an introduction, his early years, including his education, his beginning involvement in revolutionary activities, his rise to power, his activities after he succeeded Lenin, the purges he ordered, participation in World War II, his last years and an analysis. There is also a short comparison of Stalin, Hitler and Mao Tse-tung. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: PGstaln.wps

Joseph Stalin and Potsdam
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A 4 page paper which examines the history of Joseph Stalin and also Potsdam from 1945 to 1953. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAstalin.rtf

Joseph Stalin: Guile, Cunning, and Ruthlessness in Achieving Political Aspirations
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A 17 page examination of the reign of Joseph Stalin and the tactics he took to secure that reign. The author contrasts Stalin with Lenin and suggests that Stalin was much more ruthless in his climb to control and in his handling of Russia once he had that control. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPstaln3.rtf

Justifying the Russian War in Chechnya
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This 8 page report discusses the Russian war in Chechnya. As with so many of the battles going on around the world, the Russian war in the province of Chechnya is one that is difficult to understand and appears to change on an almost daily basis. Numerous issues are at stake in the confrontation, not the least of which is the determination of the Russian Federation to maintain what it sees as its cohesiveness and territorial integrity. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWchech.wps

Karl Marx and Change
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( 5 pp) "The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it." Does that sound like a bad idea to you? Life is about change, we are told so therefore that quote would seem to be a very logical one. However, since it is one that is often listed as being form the lips of Karl Marx. We are reluctant in a capitalistic society to give it much credence. This paper will examine those ideas of Karl Marx, which may deserve another look Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBkmarx.doc

Kennan and Soviet Containment
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A 6 page paper which summarizes George F. Kennan’s essay “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” and then examines how many of his views were implemented into Soviet Containment policies. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAkensov.rtf

KGB VS. CIA: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
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This 3-page paper points out some mistakes and weaknesses made both by the KGB and CIA during the pre-Cold War years. There is also some discussion about errors committed during the Cold War. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTciakgb.rtf

Klyuchevsky's 'Peter the Great'
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A 5 page paper discussing the book 'Peter the Great,' by Klyuchevsky. The author, while at times vague and stinted in his writings, is able to illustrate one of the most influential men in history. Without Peter the Great Russia would not have been what it was, or was to become. Klyuchevsky's book illustrates this very well and appears to achieve this alluded goal. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Klyuch.wps

Koestler's Darkness At Noon
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Authur Koestler's book, Darkness At Noon, provides a view of a specific time and incident in history that has been interpreted by someone who was decidedly opposed to the political leadership that brought the event to fruition. This 7 page paper explores the meaning of the Moscow trials as well as totalitarianism, the historical reference to Stalin and the hope for a communist utopia. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KTdrknnn.wps

Lenin’s Leadership and Stalin’s Dictatorship: The Differences in the Two Regimes Based on Suny’s “The Soviet Experiment”
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the different regimes in Russia under Lenin and Stalin. The leadership styles of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin are considered to be somewhat different considering they both started out being part of the same Bolshevik party during the revolution in Russia in 1917. Lenin was established as the leader after the revolution and quickly began to establish policies based on the socialist writings of Marx including the abolishment of all class distinctions between the nobility, the merchants, the peasants and the working classes and turning the property in the country over to the peasants. Despite his good intentions however, the Bolsheviks who later became known as the Communists, were known for their strong handed methods and the slow removal of opposing forces. Stalin took over as the virtual leader in 1924 when Lenin died and his policies were more militant in their protection of Soviet Russia and by 1930 he had managed to remove all opposing forces to his government and established a one party government with himself as the leader. Stalin used this leadership and the forces within his power to maintain control of the country and any who opposed him were handled by his military forces and special police. Lenin was considered a hero and the instigator of Marxism Leninism although he did not wish to be worshipped. Stalin, on the other hand, believed that his power and the power of his government went hand in hand and his methods were condemned after his death. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TJRGSun1.rtf

Lenin’s Tomb by David Remnick”
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A five page paper which looks at David Remnick’s account of the collapse of the Soviet Union, in terms of the way in which he conducted his research, the conclusions which he reached regarding the cause of the regime’s demise, and possible alternative interpretations of his ideological stance. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLremnick.wps

Leon Trotsky
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This 6 page paper gives background on Trotsky, his strategies during the war, and his morals as inferred from these methods. It also discusses the ways in which he kept the Red Army engaged.
Filename: HVtrtsky.rtf

Looking Back / Soviet Foreign Policy
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This 6 page research paper analyzes the radical changes that the Soviet Union underwent from 1980-1992 with regard to foreign policy and its impact on European Neighbors. These years were crucial as they were the last of the Soviet Empire. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Foresovi.wps

Main Barriers in Moving from Command to Market Economy / The Post-Soviet Example
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The former Soviet republics have experienced a range of problems in asserting a transition from a central command economy to separate market economies, and this 8 page paper reflects the barriers to this transition. This paper considers the barriers to this change in general, including the absence of rule of law, the mentality of the citizenry, the fiscal system, tax system and monetary system, as well as infrastructure components and the impacts of technology, and then applies examples from the transitions that have occurred in Eastern Europe. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Commark.wps

Marx's Ideas in Theory and Practice
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A 5 page paper which examines how Karl Marx's ideas, when put into practice, have not been incredibly successful. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAmarx5.rtf

Marxist Tenets that Influenced the Russian Revolution
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5 pages. This paper discusses the Marxist tenets that served to influence Lenin and the Russian Revolution. Explains how by addressing relevant issues from both the past and present, Marx was able to formulate impressions of the future that proved revolutionary. The book "Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx is one of the major resources used in this paper. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGArusrv.wps

Mass Society Theory: How much does it affect us?
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This 5 page paper discusses the way mass society mentality affects our society as a whole. We are familiar with the effect it had on the Nazi foothold years ago but is it also seeping into modern cultures? A new system is suggested and outlined. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: CWMassMe.rtf

MELISSA CALWELL’S VIEW OF RUSSIA
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This 3-page paper is a review of Melissa Caldwell's "Not by Bread Alone," her book of poverty and hunger in post-Soviet Russia. She uses the CCM soup kitchen as a type of allegory/microcosm to discuss poverty in Russia and how its people react to it.
Filename: MTcalrus.rtf

Moscow and East European Security Affairs after 1945
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7 pages in length. Examines the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the Soviet military system as well as the rise of Solidarity to power in Poland. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAmscow.wps

New World: Order, Disorder, or Chaos?:
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A 5 page discussion of the current state of world affairs and order in world power has declined, not improved, since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Describes the disintegration of the balance which existed with the threat of mutual destruction and the current world situation of small and potentially volatile nations and terrorist groups having the capability of nuclear warfare. Concludes that rather than a "New World Order" we have chaos.
Filename: PPwrldOr.wps

Nicholas II, the Last Czar of Russia
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7 pages. Author Helene Carrere d'Encausse, in her book Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, sums up the reign of the last Czar of Russia thusly: "If ever there was a wrong man for the wrong time, it was Czar Nicholas II of Russia". Her book delves deeply into the life of Nicholas II, as to both his private and public life. Carrere d'Encausse, a leading French specialist in Slavic history, is said to "argue convincingly that Nicholas was a hopelessly ignorant, inept ruler who could not manage Russia's possible evolution to a more open, democratic state" . Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: JGArczar.wps

North-Western Russia Today
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the region as well as a bit of Russian history. Information on communications, industry, ethnic groups and the environment is also provided. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA313USS.rtf

Nuclear Proliferation: A Proposal for a Comparison of U.S. and Russian Interest
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A 5 page overview of the concerns surrounding nuclear proliferation. Notes that while on the one hand Russia denounces nuclear proliferation, she is on record as supporting nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, China and South Asia. The problem which confronts the U.S. therefore, regardless of the choice which is made as to whether to emphasize maintaining international stability or heading up a worldwide move toward democracy, is determining Russia motives in nuclear proliferation and addressing those motives. Suggests a comparison of U.S. and Russian foreignpolicy to identify common ground which can be used in the developmentof an effective nuclear nonproliferation treaty. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnuclPr.wps

Obstacles Facing the European Union In Establishing a Common Foreign and Security Policy
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A 7 page discussion of whether the European Union will be able to pick up the political pieces after the Iraq war and forge ahead in the establishment of an effective common foreign and security policy. The author outlines the potential for this feat as well as the obstacles encountered historically which make it clear it will be a difficult task to accomplish. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPeuIraq.rtf

One Hell of a Gamble
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This 4 page paper discusses the book "One Hell of a Gamble" about the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVGamble.rtf

Organized Crime in Israel
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This 5 page paper explores organized crime in Israel with particular emphasis on the Russian mafia. The fact that money laundering is a problem in the country is supported. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA345org.rtf

Poland & Romania, Revolution in the 1980s
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A 3 page research paper that contrasts and compares 2 revolutions in the Soviet bloc in the 1980s, specifically Poland and Romania. The writer examines what occurred in each country and the Soviet reaction. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khpolrom.rtf

Post-Communist Russia
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A 12 page research paper that gives an overall look at life in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Topics included cover the increase in crime, the economy, standards of living and the status of women. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Postcomr.wps

Professional Women in Russia -- Then and Now
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A 14 page research paper on the role of professional women in Russia. The writer discusses the Soviet era and compares it with the present day as it relates to women' s roles. A number of strong analytical points are made and supported with social, cultural, and political fact. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Ruswomn.wps

Putin and Yeltsin: A Comparison of Leadership Styles
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11 pages in length. When Yeltsin announced his resignation to the world and that his hand-picked successor would be Vladimir Putin, it was a surprise to all. This paper is a discussion of this action and the different styles of leadership as the world will see between these two politicos. Bibliography lists 23 sources.
Filename: JGAputin.wps

RASPUTIN: THE SAINT WHO SINNED BY BRIAN MOYNAHAN
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This 9 page paper summarizes Brian Moynahan's book, Rasputing: The Saint Who Sinned. Quotes cited from text. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBrputin.rtf

REALISM, LIBERALISM AND THE IRANIAN NUCLEAR CONFLICT
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This 4-page paper discusses the realism and liberalism theories of international relations, and uses them to discuss relations between Iran and the United State. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTrealibir.rtf

Reconciliation Of Two Views On The New Russia
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A 7 page paper that explores this issue from Gail W. Lapidus' anthology and Vladimir Andrle's historiography. The writer posits that despite the fact that Lapidus seems to approach the resolution of the ethnic conflicts and economic issues from a centrist top-down view, in fact her research and conclusions are in line with Andrle's history of a bottom-up power based on the strength of the 'peasantry' of the old Russia. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Newruss.wps

Reforms in the Polish Economy and the Reasons for their Success
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This 10 page paper looks at the relative success of Poland as a former communist country when compared to other countries such as Russia and Czechoslovakia. This paper argues that the accomplishment is due to the success of the economy and can be seen as a result of the way in which economic and political reforms have taken place, with the emphasis on the economic situation. The paper considers the reasons for the success including the economic history, different social expectations and the divergent perception of the role government. The bibliography cites 8 sources.
Filename: TEpoland.wps

Remnick's Lenin's Tomb
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This 5 page critical book review provides insights into what the author is trying to say, his credibility and questions raised by the work. Comments pertain to the author's bias. Communism and the collapse of the U.SS.R. are each discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA118Len.doc

Role of Paul in Early Church/Early Russian History
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A 3 page research paper that first gives a 1 paragraph description of the role of Paul in the early Christian Church. The remainder of the paper examines the Russian Primary Chronicle, an early twelfth century document, and can be deduced about early Russian society based on this medieval account. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khrus.rtf

Russia -- What is the Next Step?
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An 8 page overview of the past and current political situation in Russia. Examines the factors which must be addressed in order for Russia to reestablish herself as a 'normal' power in the international system. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Russnext.wps