Amin and Robespierre - Villains Or Heroes ?
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A 5 page research paper which explores the differences between these two instigators of a 'reign of terror' on their respective countries. The writer demonstrates how Robespierre's motivations were markedly different from those of Amin's although the actions of both men were equally brutal and bloody. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Aminrob.wps

Louis XVI
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A 9 page overview of the reign of the French King Louis XVI. Discusses his role in the American Revolution and the French Revolution. Concludes that for the most part he was ineffective and did little overall to promote a more equal lifestyle for the three classes in France. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Louisxvi.wps

Louis XVI
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This 12 page paper looks at the reign of this famous king who was beheaded during the French Revolution. The role of Marie Antoinette as well as significant financial advisors are explored. Louis’s performance is analyzed, and as one can imagine, he does not get high marks. Yet, the problems were not completely his fault. Extenuating circumstances as well as the king’s decisions are examined. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA14Lou.wps

Louis XVI (1754-1793)
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A 5 page overview of the life of Louis XVI the last king of ancient regime France. Gives a brief background of Louis VVI and discusses his attempts at regaining economic, political and social control of France and his inability to do so. Discusses the overthrow of the monarchy and the fall of Louis XVI. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: Luxvi.wps

D.H. Lawrence's 'Odour Of Chrysanthemums': English Countryside
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5 pages in length. In assessing D.H Lawrence's 'Odour of Chrysanthemums,' the reader is able to clearly distinguish how the author's use of English countryside is divided between industrial and rural landscapes. The manner in which Lawrence utilizes these landscapes as a means by which to shape the main characters in his short story illustrates the author's inherent ability to successfully differentiate between industrial and rural characterization. That one of the two main theme's of 'Odour of Chrysanthemums' addresses the accurate depiction of mining district working-class life, the concept of English countryside incorporated throughout the story helps the reader gain a significant understanding of just how diverse the two entities were represented. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCodour.wps

War And Labor Unions
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24 pages in length. The role labor unions have played with regard to wartime activities has been historically conspicuous. As integral as these unions were when it came to the comprehensive influence of war, they did not always fare well in the aftermath. Indeed, it can be argued that the effects of war often had detrimental consequences for labor unions as a whole. Had it not been for the original formation of the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor back in the mid eighteen hundreds, the American work ethic would have remained chaotic and in dire need of reorganization. The Knights were solely responsible for assembling some kind of organized labor for the American worker, which included higher wages and better working conditions. These tenets had since been fortified as labor unions established more strength within the workforce; however, it can be argued that each time the unions would solidly establish themselves from a previous setback, war would enter into the picture and disrupt that position, particularly World War I, World War II and the Korean Conflict. Bibliography lists 18 sources.
Filename: TLCunion.doc

Kosovo
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A 5 page paper that discusses the current situation in Kosovo and the conflict with the Serbs. The reasons for the intervention of NATO are discussed with the action NATO has taken. The essay begins with a summary of the situation, then provides some background information along with the current situation. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGkosovo.wps

Experiences of Refugees to Canada
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A 6 page paper discussing the experiences of recent refugees to Canada, specifically how they arrive, how their journeys progress and what sort of events have occurred that turned these people from hard-working individuals into refugees fleeing for their very lives. Examples are Chinese refugees to British Columbia and several thousand Kosovo Albanians that have been settled across Canada. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSrefuge.doc

The Spirit of the UN Charter
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This 12 page paper examines the 1945 document in relationship with events that have happened since. Both sides of the issue as to whether force should be used in violation of the Charter are explored. The spirit of the document as opposed to literal interpretation is a major focus of the paper. Examples provided include incidents in Kosovo and Bosnia. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA35Char.wps

Voluntary and Forcible Migration
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This 18 page paper considers the status of migration when it is undertake by choice such as ‘The Great Migration’ in the United States in the early twentieth century. It also considers forcible migration, where the displaced people had no choice in the matter; examples that are stated include that of Kosovo.
Filename: TEmigrat.rtf

Marxist Ideas: Women And The Struggle For Socialism
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6 pages in length. The writer discusses how women were just as caught up in the struggle for socialism, concerns which are clearly reflected through Marxist theories, inasmuch as they were often the very backbone of society. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCmarxw.wps

Irish Screenplays
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An 8 page paper which discusses the Irish screenplays, “The Playboy of the Western World,” by J.M. Synge, and “Someone Who’ll Watch Over Me,” by Frank McGuiness, in the context of Irish nationalism. Ireland has been known for a great deal of violence and national struggle, in addition to general conditions of national formation and religious wars that have been going on for many decades. In the screenplays being discussed, the paper examines what aspects of the plays reflect the many faceted realities of the nation that is Ireland. Bibliography lists 6 additional sources.
Filename: RAirish.wps

Relationship between Economic and Political Power
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A 6 page research paper that examines some of the most influential and famous works of the Enlightenment. During the eighteenth century, inspired by new and revolutionary discoveries in science, Western political philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau, Smith, Paine and Jefferson reevaluated the nature of political authority and how it related to what they regarded as the natural rights of mankind. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: 99enlmnt.wps

From Stalin to Gorbachev
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A 10 page paper which addresses how Gorbachev essentially destroyed everything Stalin had worked for. While gorbachev was successfu lin many changes, many of which included changes that were necessary in relationship to altering Stalin’s creations, Gorbachev did not succeed in doing what he truly wnated to, which was to restructure socialism and enable it to move in a more positive direction. He was successful in bringing the world more peace and stability, and he was certianly successful in changing Russia forever, but he failed in restructuring Stalin’s implementations into a system that would owrk more effeciently. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAgorby.wps

Jonathan Swift
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Jonathan Swift was considered a member of the group of intellectuals, philosophers and writers that helped to define what has come to be known as the age of Enlightenment. His satire on organized religion of the time, Guliver's Travels, may be viewed as a treatese on the Enlightenment ideals of considering nature as an essential component to religious thought. This 5 page paper argues that Gulliver's Travels is best understood in light of the unusual life story of the author and in context with the social phenomenom that came to be known as the Enlightenment. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KTjswift.wps

Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal”
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This 5 page report discusses “A Modest Proposal” written by Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) and how it fit into the timeframe of the Enlightenment. Prior to the “Age of Enlightenment,” the consideration of others as equal entities had not been taken into account. Swift took what was relatively commonplace British colonial policy and carried it to its inevitable conclusion, recommending that since the conquerors have consumed the island and its resources, it could pursue a useful policy for dealing with Irish children by butchering them and making them food for the British. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWswiftmod.rtf

Swift and Pope as Representatives of the Enlightenment
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A five page paper looking at Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift in terms of the way they are representative of the mindset of the eighteenth century. Specific works considered include Swift's 'Modest Proposal' and Pope's 'Essay on Man' and 'Essay on Criticism.' Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: KBenlit2.wps

Tartuffe, Gulliver, and Candide/Age of Reason
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A 2 page research paper that briefly examines the ways in which Moliere's 'Tartuffe,' Swift's 'Gulliver's Travels' and Voltaire's 'Candide' relate to the principles of the Enlightenment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: 99msv.wps

Newton’s “Principia Mathematica” / A Work of Vision
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A 10 page paper in which the writer discusses Isaac Newton’s masterwork Principia Mathematica (1687). Newton’s participation in the scientific revolution and catalytic role in the Age of Enlightenment are also examined. Principia Mathematica is shown to have relevance today in physics and mechanics. Newton’s initial foray into alchemy and it’s overtones for us today are also considered. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBPrincip.rtf

British Imperialism, Literature And Propaganda
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The literature of Imperialist England included themes based on social Darwinism, the crisis of faith, imperialism, poverty and progress. This 7 page paper explores the issues in Milton's Paradise Lost; Behn's Oroonoko and Swift's Gulliver's Travels that pertain to the cultural context of the British Empire. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KTenglit.doc

Imaginary Dialogue Between A European Imperialist And A Third World Opponent Of European Imperialism
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5 pages in length. The writer engages in an imaginary conversation between two opposing sides of European Imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCimper.wps

Imperialism; The Origins of Capitalism
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This 10 page paper considers the role of imperial empires, arguing that they are only the emergence of capitalism in a modern form. The example of West Africa colonies are used, with Britain and France as the imperial powers. The reasons behind the expansion of empires considered include trade, social reasons, the acquisition of power, military strategic advantages, and the ‘civilisation’ of natives. The bibliography cites 9 sources.
Filename: TEwaimpr.wps

Ethnic Conflict: Human Right Abuses In Kosovo
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15 pages in length. The crisis that currently exists in Kosovo, Yugoslavia is one that represents considerably more than military hostilities; indeed, the violation of basic human rights has become one of the primary focal points of the entire situation. Going far above and beyond what is believed to be within the boundaries of international human rights laws, the Serbs have inflicted horrendous and unnecessary suffering upon the ethnic Albanians. At what cost is all this political unrest justified? The severe violation of human rights has spurred global actions in show of support for the victims of such senseless inequity toward Kosovo inhabitants. The writer discusses human rights violation as it relates to ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCKosov.wps

McCarthyism and the Cold War
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An 8 page research paper that focuses on the McCarthy era and how it fitted into the overall political atmosphere of the Cold War. The writer argues that there was a communist threat in the 1950s‹both domestically and abroad, but that McCarthy and other anticommunist transformed this into a political tool for discrediting liberalism and New Deal policies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: 90joe.rtf

Jose Ortega's 'The Revolt Of The Masses': Fascism, Communism And European Politics
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10 pages in length. The loss of freedom and reason was a concept that greatly worried Spanish philosopher and social theorist Jose Ortega y Gasset. At the time of World War I, totalitarianism was taking a stronghold upon Europe, while the Great Depression proved to threaten the nature and destiny of the Western civilization. The Enlightenment had begun to show signs of wear, directly affecting the manner by which freedom and reason were slowly but surely being cast aside. It can be argued that with the weakening influence of World War I, reason and freedom stood little chance of escaping the impact of totalitarianism. It was Ortega's contention that through the means of such barbarism, those who were intellectually undisciplined and culturally unrefined would soon serve as the new ambassadors to European existence. Asserting that such masses would prove fatal to the Europe's cultural, economic and political progress, Ortega was mightily concerned with the fascist and communist implications of such a trend, which he clearly addressed in his book entitled 'The Revolt of the Masses.' Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCorteg.wps

Goethe's 'Faust': Relationship To German Enlightenment
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5 pages in length. The German Enlightenment was one of the central tasks upon which major thinkers established themselves. What this means in terms of how great literary philosophers looked at the broader scope of existence lies within the works of such celebrated writers as Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe. The writer discusses how Goethe embraced and critiqued the Enlightenment, recognizing it as a time in which all of mankind could break free from the confines of what had heretofore been accepted as a universal recognition of existence; with each individual following in the footsteps of those who went before, without any question as to why things are accomplished in any certain order, the time for the German Enlightenment symbolized the chance to break free from such constraints. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCfaust.wps

J.W. von Goethe / Works and Contributions To German Theater
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A research paper of 6 pages, highlighting some of Goethe's contributions to the German theatre. His scientific investigations are given some discussion, and his literary talents that included drama, poetry, novel fiction and autobiography are mentioned. The paper, though, focuses on his drama and the setting of his eighteenth-century times. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Goethe.wps

Religion and Faith in 17th Century Europe
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This 5 page report discusses the existence of religion in the Europe of the 1600s. Throughout all aspects of faith during the time, the element of transformation and religious heroism played a key role and also supported justifications of violent “Christian” intervention throughout the world. The 17th century also provided the foundation from which the philosophy of the Enlightenment was launched. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BW17rel.rtf

Support for the Unification of the German States
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A 5 page “letter” from a fictitious Bavarian aristocrat to his King in 1871, advising him that uniting with the other independent states of Germany would be in their best interests. The letter outlines nineteenth-century German history and explains how nationalism and a belief in their manifest destiny as a people convinced Germans to unite. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: KBgerman.wps

Bismarck and German Unification
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An 8 1/2 page paper which discusses German unification and the role Otto von Bismarck played, or may have played, in the unification of East and West Germany today. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAunifica.wps

Late 19th-Century Germany
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An 8 page paper discussing the motivations underlying the unification of Germany and the emergence of the political mass market. Prime Minister Bismarck order full male suffrage for the first time in Saxony in 1866. Some historians maintain that the political mass market originated with that Saxony election; others hold that it did not fully emerge until Bismarck was forced to retire in 1890. The paper discusses the chronology of the period between 1866 and the end of World War I, when the German people demanded an end to the war and the Second Reich ended with Wilhelm II's flight to the Netherlands. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSGermany.wps

The French & Russian Revolutions
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A 5 page examination of the factors which cause revolutions with a comparison of the stimuli which caused the French and Russian Revolutions and their outcomes. Bibliography lists six sources.
Filename: Charfa.wps

Women In The Renaissance Thru The French Revolution / Voices from the Silence
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An 11 page paper on how women were subjegated in the Renaissance and started to get serious about their status during the French Revolution. The paper postulates that voices where heard throughout the 300-year period as well. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources.
Filename: Renwomn.wps

European History
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This 6 page paper provides answers to four questions posed by a student. The answers are chock full of information pertinent to the French Revolution and Robespierre’s rule as well as Napoleon’s problems when he took the reigns. The significance of the unification of Germany and Italy is explored and finally, a look at colonization and imperialism sheds light on differences between trends in the late nineteenth century as opposed to earlier times. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: SA49Hist .wps

Napoleon & The French Revolution / Impact on the Jewish People
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A 5 page examination of the impact of Napoleon and the French Revolution on the Jewish people. Concludes that although much of progress which was made in terms of Jewish civil rights was undermined after Napoleon's fall, great progress can be attributed to both Napoleon and the Revolution. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: NapolJew.wps

Napoleon and the French Revolution
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This 5 page paper looks at Napoleon’s role in both supporting and negating the ideals of the French Revolution. Many of Napoleon’s accomplishments are listed and the French Revolution is discussed philosophically. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA12Nap.wps

The French Revolution
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This 5 page paper provides answers to five questions posed by a student in a Q&A format. Topics include reasons for the origination of the revolution as well as events leading up to the revolution. The relationship to the American Revolution as well as Napoleon's role in France after the Revolution are all explored. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA008Frc.rtf

Maximilien Robespierre
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A 5 page overview of the actions and final end of Maximilien Robespierre, the French leader who headed the Committee for Public Safety during the French Revolution. Outlines his political philosophies and downfall. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPMaximi.wps

Robespierre Reexamined
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This 7 page paper looks at the life and times of Maximilien Robespierre, the man credited for proliferating the Reign of Terror at the end of the French Revolution. The position of the paper is that Robespierre was not the evil figure some historians have made him out to be. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA9Robes.wps

The French Revolution: The Descent To Madness
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6 pages in length. From a constitutional reform movement initiated by a select group of aristocrats (the Assembly of Notables) in 1787, the French Revolution quickly developed into an unstoppable torrent which culminated with the establishment of a Republic in September 1792 and the execution of the king and queen in 1793. How does one account for this phenomenon? The writer discusses how there were a number of variables that helped to motivate what has come to be know as the Reign of Terror: the influence of the enlightenment, the role of class conflict and the role of counter revolutionary forces. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCfrnrv.wps