Abraham Lincoln: Overcoming Political and Social Obstacles in Order to Preserve the Union and Eliminate Slavery
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This is a 4 page paper discussing the political and social obstacles Lincoln had to overcome to achieve his goals. After President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 16, 1865, writer Stephen Oates in his book “Abraham Lincoln: The Man Behind the Myths” (1984) said that Lincoln became symbolic to “ministers across the North [who] portrayed the slain President as an American Christ who died to expiate the sins of his guilty land”. While this statement reflects the enormity of the legend for freedom and unity Lincoln would become, his political career was one of controversy as his personal goals to preserve the Union and eliminate slavery were not necessarily popular notions in his day. In fact, many accused him of working against the U.S. Constitution in many of his statements and policies. In addition to the political obstacles he had to overcome, writings from the time also indicate that socially many still regarded him as a third-class citizen within a first-class position; adding to the controversy of his decisions and his ultimate dedication to the preservation of the Union throughout the Civil War and his issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 declaring all slaves were free forever. Despite these obstacles, Lincoln managed to persuade the northern Republicans and Democrats to back his desires for the elimination of slavery in the south while using the tide of controversy from the publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and his public speech at the military cemetery at Gettysburg had a great impact on the national notions and approach to freedom and civil equality. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJALinc1.rtf

ABZUG AND CHAVEZ
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This essay examines speeches by Bella Abzug, prominent feminist and one of the first women elected to the U.S. Congress, and Cesar Chavez, who championed the rights of immigrant migrants and Hispanics throughout the United States. The paper compares the two speeches, while providing background on both the creation of the United Farm Workers of America and the feminism movement. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MTabchav.rtf

Action in the Devil's Den: A Civil War History
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8 pages. The Union dispositions in Devil's Den including Ward's Brigade and Smith's Battery are explained fully in this paper as well as the breakdown of coordination as Hood attacked during the advance of Law's and Robertson's Brigades. Bennings arrival and the final outcome are included. The final section of the paper discusses the nine principles of war. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAdevil.rtf

Activities of the Ku Klux Klan
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An 8 page overview of the Klan's history, activity, and an attempt to explain some of their behavior using sociological crime theories (radical-conflict). The Klan is compared to traditional organized crime groups and also to other hate groups such as The White Citizen's Council. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Kkk2.wps

Actor / Singer Paul Robeson's Political Mistreatment In The United States
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Paul Robeson was a remarkably talented singer & actor who faced adversity in the form of racial prejudice and intolerance; he was labeled subversive due to his outspokenness about racial injustice and his defense of some communistic principles. In this insightful 8 page research paper, the writer argues on behalf of Robeson and in defense of his activities. FREE outline included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Paulrobe.wps

Actors of the 19th Century: Edwin Thomas Booth and Edwin Forrest
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A 15 page paper which examines two actors from the 19th century. The actors are Edwin Thomas Booth and Edwin Forrest. The paper also compares and contrasts the two. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAactors.rtf

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr (1908 - 1972)
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A 6 page paper that discusses Adam Clayton Powell's political career. The is a greater emphasis on the years between 1961 and 1966 when Powell was chairman of the House Committee on Labor and Education. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGpowl.wps

Adams' The Best War Ever
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This 8 page paper looks at this work that addresses the conception of World War II by the American people. The author compares and contrasts the war to others in the century. However, the paper answers 16 questions in Q&A format all directly related to events that occurred in WWII. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA331war.rtf

Admiral Kimmel: Responsible for Pearl Harbor?
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A 5 page paper which examines the case of Admiral Kimmel and discusses whether he should be held responsible for Pearl Harbor. The examination and evidence presented appear to support the notion that Admiral Kimmel should not be held responsible for the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAkimmel.wps

Adolf Karl Eichmann
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A 5 page overview of the World War II activities of Adolf Eichmann, of his escape after the war, and of his capture and trial as a war criminal. Bibliography lists three sources.
Filename: Aeichman.wps

Advice and Hypocrisy of the Victorian Age
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This 5 page paper looks at the way advice was given and attitudes portrayed in Victorian America regarding the role of a woman and her sexuality. The paper acknowledges the double standards which were in existence and the role of social expectations. It then goes on to argue that these double standards still exist in modern society and the main difference is their interpretation and presentation though the media. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEpruder.wps

African Americans and WWI
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A 3 page paper which examines the role of African Americans in WWI. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAaaiw.rtf

African Americans: Their Course Through United States History
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7 pages in length. Examines major contributions made by African Americans, leaders and heroes in the African American community and the immigration treatments received by the African Americans including how they came to the United States, their treatment and major events experienced by this group. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAafram.doc

African And American Culture Before European Expansion
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A 3 page paper that discusses some of the characteristics of these civilizations prior to European expansion. Were they the primitive cultures so often depicted? Research suggests quite the opposite. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGafam.wps

African Slaves and Native Americans During North America's Colonial Period
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This 5 page report discusses the fact that in the early colonial days in North America, there were people in what is now the United States long before any European people saw much less settled in the "New World." The writer speaks directly to the issue of African slaves in the New World and how attitudes regarding the aboriginal peoples of the Americas came about. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWcolper.rtf

After Chancellorsville: Letters from the Heart
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A 6 page report on After Chancelorsville: Letters from the Heart. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAlttnn.rtf

Against the Constitution
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This 6 page paper takes the form of a letter from a Massachusetts farmer to his wife, explaining his anti-federalist stand, and how he finally voted on the matter of ratification. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVConCon.rtf

Age Of Discovery & Atlantic Revolutions
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A 5 page paper that discusses the factors leading to the Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Expansion. As territories were expanded and colonized, the interchange of cultures also began. The writer then discusses the reasons for the Atlantic Revolutions and the effects of these. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGagedis.rtf

Aircraft Carrier Warfare
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A 16 page research paper that examines how the performance of the aircraft carrier during WWII charts how this vessel emerged as the most formidable ship over the course of the war, as well as demonstrating how the emergency of the aircraft carrier marked the end of battleship dominance of naval warfare. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: khairvb.rtf

Airline Industry And Tourism
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8 pages in length. Ever since the days of Wilbur and Orville Wright, the airplane has undergone perpetual change. What was then an assemblage of haphazard materials is now a sleek and highly tuned piece of aviation equipment comprised of technologically advanced components. What was so integral in the evolution of the Wright brothers' flying contraption? In a word: tourism. The advent of commercial airlines proved able to turn a tidy profit virtually single-handedly by transporting passengers from point A to point B. With each change in design came an increase in speed, thus allowing for faster, safer and more comfortable travel. The writer discusses how contemporary airlines have metamorphosed into an industry that is a larger and more powerful presence in the tourism industry than Wilbur and Orville could ever imagine. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCairln.wps

Alan Taylor: "Liberty Men And Great Proprietors : The Revolutionary Settlement On The Maine Frontier, 1760-1820"
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6 pages in length. Alan Taylor's Liberty Men and Great Proprietors : The Revolutionary Settlement on the Maine Frontier, 1760-1820 is an expansive book that studies the life and times of Maine's backcountry settlers during the period after the American Revolution. The initial and subsequent chapters delve deeply into the historical Liberty Men and their resistance movement as it related to the region they attempted to settle, in spite of Great Proprietor's rebellious efforts. The writer offers a review of Taylor's book that chronicles the settlement of Maine's frontier. No additional sources cited. A-Taylor.wps
Filename: ATaylor.doc

Alaska: From Territory to State
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A 3 page review of the events leading up to Alaskan statehood. The contention that Americans began to regard Alaska more and more highly during World War II both as a result of growing awareness of the value of her natural resources and as a strategic point of U.S. defense is presented. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPalaska.rtf

Albania
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A detailed 11 page overview/ country profile (country study) of Albania and its demographics. Bibliography lists six sources.
Filename: Albania.wps

Alcohol Prohibition -- 'The Noble Experiment'
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A 5 page paper discussing prohibition in the United States. During its nearly 14 years, the 18th amendment caused more problems than good. Crime flourished, alcohol became a near-mythic commodity, and countless dollars were wasted through destruction and confiscation. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Prohnob.wps

Alexander Hamilton and U.S. Economics
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A 15 page review of the man and the time. This paper explores Hamilton’s incentives and justifications in establishing the backbone of the U.S. economic system. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPHamiltonEconomics.rtf

Alexander Hamilton/The Federalist #78
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A 7 page analysis of #78 in "The Federalist" papers, which are various essays written by one or more of the Founding Fathers of the US (Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, etc.) in order to persuade the US populace that the Constitution should be ratified. Number 78 is by Hamilton and addresses the need for permanent appointment for the members of the Supreme Court. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99fed78.wps

Alfred Nobel and The Invention Of Nitroglycerin
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A 7 page paper that recounts the history and effects of Alfred Nobel's trials with nitroglycerin. Contrary to popular belief, Nobel did not invent nitroglycerin, but his invention of dynamite, its first usable form, was a significant breakthrough for the scientific community as well as industrialization. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Nobel.wps

Alger Hiss & Whittaker Chambers / Underpinnings Of The Conspiracy Theory
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A 30 page paper that provides an overview of the historical, political and social elements that led to the conviction of Alger Hiss as a Russian spy and the factors that led to arguments regarding a conspiracy against Hiss. This paper considers the role of men like Hugh Cronin, Richard Nixon, Whittaker Chambers, J. Edgar Hoover, and McCarthy, and the implications of interconnected associations in supporting the possibility of a conspiracy against Hiss. Bibliography lists 25 sources.
Filename: Ahiss.wps

All Men Created Equal – the Dream Denied
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This 6 page paper discusses the claim that "all men are created equal" and what W.E.B. DuBois, Emma Goldman and Eugene V. Debs would have to say about this claim. All three fought against the injustices in American society. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVAllMen.rtf

Although History Repeats Itself, It Never Repeats Itself Exactly
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7 pages in length. History has long had a tendency to repeat itself, particularly with regard to war. While this phenomenon never ceases to replicate the past, there are always enough subtle nuances of change that prevent history from repeating itself exactly as before. Two books that address this occurrence are My Lai : A Brief History With Documents by James Stuart Olson & Randy W. Roberts and Douglas V. Porpora's How Holocausts Happen : The United States in Central America, both delving deeply within the psychological basis upon which selective extermination exists and why it has been allowed to continue throughout the years. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCmylai.wps

America (1600-1774): The Land of Opportunity?
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In four pages this paper considers whether or not colonial America truly represented a land of opportunity in an examination of the circumstances that dictated this opportunity, its limitations, who prospered, and who did not. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGlandopp.rtf

America and the Cold War: "Making America" by Berkin
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A 6 page paper which addresses many different aspects of the Cold War as experienced by America, according to "Making America" by Berkin. The conditions and events discussed range from the strategy employed by America towards the Cold War to the Reagan legacy and the Gulf War. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAcldwrbrkn.wps

America and the Self-Made Man
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This 9 page paper discusses the way in which entrepreneurs have lived and thrived in America. Larry Schweikart's book is extensively referenced. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVSlfMde.rtf

America Between 1870 - 1920: 'The Gilded Age'
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This 5 page report discusses the time period in American history that replaced the Victorian Age after the Civil War and up until 1920. Historians have dubbed the time the 'Gilded Age' due to the expansion of the country economically and industrially. Several examples of how the change occurred are also given. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Gilded.wps

America During the 1980s
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A 4 page paper which examines how America during the 1980s paralleled the 1920s, but also discusses significant differences in the decades. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TGateeze.rtf

America In The 1840's: Transition To A Strongly Pro-Democratic And Pro-Party Regime
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6 pages in length. The United States began as a nation without parties and with a limited dedication to democratic ideals. Examining why by the 1840s America developed into a strongly pro-democratic and pro-party regime finds one focusing upon personal agenda and the pangs of national growth as viable explanations of such a drastic transition. The extent to which this modification fit in with original Constitutional designs was questionable at best, particularly with regard to that which espoused consensual rather than majoritarian arrangements. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCUSDemoc.rtf

America in the Sixties
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7 pages worth of brief essays and definitions pertinent to any study of the United States during the 1960's. Included are such names and keywords as : Lenny Bruce, Kent State Shootings, Woodstock, Clark Clifford, My Lai Massacre, Tet Offensive, Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Voting Rights Act, Martin Luther King, Jack Ruby and much more. No bibliography.
Filename: Amerc60s.wps

America Tested 1865-1998
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A 5 page examination of how the United States has successfully come through various crises since 1865. Various wars and widespread problems are discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Amertest.wps

America's Difficult Beginnings
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This 7 page paper compares the American Revolution with the changes which occurred about a decade later when the Constitutional Convention made important decisions. Shays's Rebellion is discussed. The paper concludes that the latter time period, during the 1780s, is more significant than the 1770s in terms of America's strength as a nation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA010Rev.rtf

America's Expansionism at the Turn-of-the-Century:
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This 4 page paper discusses the after-math of the Civil War and the resulting expansionism. This paper highlights the costs, causes, and benefits of expansionism. Bibliography lists no sources.
Filename: GSAfterm.rtf