Critical Review Of Peter Singer's Paper "All Animals Are Equal"
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23 pages in length. Of all the voices who have cried out for a more compassionate and humane approach to the relationships between and among the animal kingdom, Peter Singer's is heralded as one of the loudest and most influential in the ongoing debate over human/animal equality. The fundamental basis of Singer's stance in All Animals Are Equal argues how the intrinsic value of all sentient beings precludes man's arrogant behavior toward what he deems unworthy creatures, namely those beings that are anything other than human. The extent to which mankind has uplifted his own species to such a position of superiority is both grand and far-reaching; that this self-imposed escalation has rendered tremendous ignorance and intolerance toward the rest of the sentient beings speaks directly to the ill-conceived supremacy the human species believes it empowers. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TLCSingerAn.rtf

Diesel Fuel, the Environment, and the U.S. Compared to Europe
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This 7 page report discusses attitudes, facts, and the overall impact on the Earth’s environment related to the use of diesel fuel. People who are advocates of a greater use of diesel fuel almost always point to the fact that diesels are more fuel-efficient than spark-ignition engines and offer a greater degree of actual energy than a gallon of “regular” gas. However, in the United States, diesel is generally thought to be inherently “dirty.” Such issues are discussed and comparisons made between European and American formulation and use of diesel fuel. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWdiesel.rtf

Distinguishing Humans from Animals and Machines
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This 3 page paper uses readings by Henig (“The Real Transformers”) and Hanlon (“Can an Animal Fall in Love?”) to discuss the ways in which we distinguish animals from machines. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVanimac.rtf

Do Animals Have Rights?
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11 pages in length. Why it must be proven that animals possess rights – thereby wholly substantiating all animals as equal - is a notion that escapes those like Tom Regan who already know the answer to be true. What is actually being proven - or at least attempted - is that rights only exist on the human level by methods that are restrictive only to human consumption; that these methods address nothing on an animal level is indicative of their inherent misgivings. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCAnimHvRt.rtf

Do Dogs Have Feelings?
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5 pages in length. Do dogs have feelings? If they do, are they the same as humans? And if they are not the same as humans, how do we really know they have feelings? Can anyone truly argue that some dogs do not express feelings of fear toward thunderstorms or become extremely happy when his or her favorite person arrives home? When one considers the concept of feelings, it is with great hesitation that its characteristics are attributed to those who represent the animal kingdom. However, what mankind has typically done is employ the human form of feelings when applying it to dogs, making it quite difficult for them to meet up to such an adaptation. Indeed, while dogs may not possess the prerequisites for human feelings, they do harbor their own form that often transcends mankind's reality-based existence. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCfeelg.wps

Dogs And Cats: Compare/Contrast
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5 pages in length. When comparing and contrasting the individual characteristics of dogs and cats, one might consider the differences between an apple and an orange to truly grasp the variants that exist between the two animal species. Indeed, both have been domesticated and adopted into man's family; however, one might readily argue that any similarity ends there, along with the fact that each animal sports four legs and a tail. There is such a significantly divergent perception of these animals that even human beings have taken sides, establishing clear-cut camps of dogs- and cats-only people. When the two sides do meet, it is done with more of an obligatory gesture rather than one out of true affection for the opposite species. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCdgct.wps

Eating Pets: Research Proposal
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10 pages in length. Nothing can be considered a definite wrong when it exists within the confines of a cultural or religious reality. Despite the fact that other cultures or religions do not condone the particular practice - sometimes even condemning it to barbaric behavior as in the case of cannibalism - this incongruity in lifestyle does not automatically make it wrong. Distasteful, loathsome or regrettable perhaps but not inherently wrong by the standards under which it exists. Such is the case with eating pets - typically defined as dogs and cats - and the uproar it creates in countries like the United States where such activity is considered abominable; for others like the Pilipino, consuming dog is as commonplace as it is for Americans to eat livestock. India, with its universal reverence toward cows, is repulsed by the thought of devouring such a sacred animal. In short, the reason it is acceptable to eat animals like cows and sheep in some countries yet consisted wrong to eat dogs or cats in others is because the same animal is not given the same value in all cultures or religions. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCEatingPets.rtf

Endangered Species Act
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4 pages in length. The original Endangered Species Preservation Act was passed into law by Congress in 1966, which provided limited protection to species that were native to their given area and equally as limited means for mandated protection. While it was an unprecedented move toward safeguarding with such implementation as land acquisition for protecting existing habitat, the original Act did not go any distance to secure species preservation as the name implies. It was amended three years later in 1969 to incorporate all animals across the globe who were in danger of extinction. This move was particularly critical to a number of exotic species who could no longer be imported under the Act's directive. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCEndSpAct.rtf

Ethics Of Animal Testing
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A 5 page paper that considers the ethical issue of animal testing. It is through animal testing that scientists have developed vaccines and other medications that have relieved incredible suffering and saved millions of human lives. On the other hand, if we look at animals as sentient beings, can we really say it is ethical to use them in testing? This paper reports arguments on each side of the issue and also comments on the use of alternative procedures. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGantst.rtf

Evolution / Plant & Animal
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A 5 page overview of the evolution of plants and animals. Compares and contrasts the evolutionary paths of the first plant and the first animal and traces those paths back to the primordial soup from which that very first organism emerged. Discusses differences in anaerobic and aerobic organisms and details the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Planimal.wps

Evolutionary History of the Tuatara
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An evolutionary history of the tuatara consists of six pages and focuses on the reasons for its particular evolutionary progression. Seven sources are cited in the bibliography.
Filename: TGtuatara.rtf

Giant Pandas and River Otters
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A 6 page paper which examines the giant panda and river otter, two endangered species. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAgpanda.rtf

Global Spatial Patterns of Mammal and Bird Diversity
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of biodiversity and pays special attention to endemic species diversity. Why certain birds and mammals are found in particular parts of the world is discussed. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA246bio.rtf

Gorillas Learning Sign Language / Is it Feasible?
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A 7 page paper on the possibility that gorillas can learn sign language for communicating. Koko the gorilla is the main subject behind the theory that gorillas can learn to sign. While other primates have been studied the main subject of concern is the gorilla. It is maintained that gorillas do learn and comprehend sign language. A bibliography including 10 references follows.
Filename: Gsigning.doc

Greyhound Racing In Massachusetts Is Cruel And Inhumane: It Should Be Banned
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5 pages in length. Greyhound racing in Massachusetts is one of the state's most popular and revenue-driven events. The excitement mirrors that of a horse track where bettors become as involved in the sport's politics as they do in the wagers. On the surface, one might not think that greyhound racing is anything but a fun activity for both dog and spectator, but one would not be privy to the gruesome reality behind the inhumane sport, where it is the residual effect of racing that proves most detrimental to the dogs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCGreyH.rtf

Helping Canines Through Volunteerism
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This 5 page paper begins by looking at the philosophy of volunteerism and quickly turns to the specifics of helping dogs. Problems with shelters are carefully examined and recommendations made. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA607dog.rtf

Hip Dysplasia In Dogs
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3 pages in length. People who notice their dogs limping on only one back leg, having a swaying or hopping walk, tiring after basic activity, experiencing pain or discomfort when getting up, exhibiting the inability to effectively climb stairs and having overall stiffness after an immobile period, need to schedule a veterinary screening to determine if their dog has hip dysplasia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCK9hip.rtf

History of American Environmentalism: In Forcing the Spring, Robert Gottlieb offers a biased history of American environmentalism that focuses on the need to change from conservation and preservation of natural resources and wildlands to increased efforts
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1999, the Worldwatch Institute's 16th annual report on "progress toward a sustainable society," begins where Gottlieb leaves off, that is, with a prescription for a sustainable economy. The primary components of the model are subsidy reform, tax reform, regulatory reform, global cooperation, industrial innovation, and grassroots support. This 5 page paper examines the two viewpoints and concludes with the argument that de-centralization is at the mercy of the centralized organizations already in place and even more at the mercy of the governmental forces. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KTenviro.wps

Hoof-And-Mouth Disease: Impact Upon International Economy
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6 pages in length. To say that the potential impact of hoof-and-mouth disease upon international economy is staggering is to understate the severity of the current situation. Inasmuch as the only way to abate the fast-spreading livestock disease is to destroy the animal, the implied financial loss associated with the demise of thousands upon thousands of farm animals is unfathomable. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLChoof.wps

Human Behavior and “Chimpanzee Politics”
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This 13 page paper takes the book “Chimpanzee Politics” by Frans de Waal as a springboard for answering five questions about the chimps described in the book, and how their behavior can be related to human behavior. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVChmpRv.rtf

Illegal Ivory Trade
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A 5 page paper which examines the illegal ivory trade as it pertains to elephants. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: RAivory.rtf

Imprinting in Animals
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This 8 page report discusses the processes and results of imprinting in animals. Dictionaries define imprinting as an “indelibly distinguishing effect or influence.” As such a statement applies to animals, it is an irreversible influence. Whether it is the homing “device” or ability of salmon, the ability of newborn animals of all species to recognize their parent, or the mating choices of any creature, what has been imprinted is what serves as one of the strongest determinants of their behavior. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWimprin.rtf

In What Ways Can Animals Communicate With Humans?
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6 pages in length. Humans often forget they are not the only living beings who have the ability to communicate both within and outside of their own species. This oversight causes considerable frustration on the humans' part inasmuch as they fail to understand what animals are "saying" to them through other means beyond verbal such as body language and sounds. People have become so dependent upon speech as the primary way in which to communicate that they are often unwilling to accept there is any other way; however, humans are not the only species that use vocabulary but just as with any foreign language, they are not able to understand an animal's grunts, growls and barks until studying what those "words" mean to that species. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCAnComHum.rtf

Insects As Intelligent Animals With The Ability to Learn
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A 10 page paper describing the intelligence and learning capabilities of insects. Emphasis is put on social insects. Studies are described that support the statements of an insect's abilities. The main insect in focus is the ant as it is the most thoroughly studied. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Insects.wps

Interesting Facts about House Finches
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This 3 page paper discusses some aspects of house finches including their habitat, food, coloration and other points. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVFinchs.rtf

International Trade Of Endangered Species And The Bush Administration: Elephant Tusks
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11 pages in length. Examining the Bush Administration's approach toward international trade of endangered species gives one a significantly better understanding of how mankind's selfishness has created a perilous situation for the animals. Changes in climate, destruction of habitat and loss of food source have all occurred at the hands of man, a greedy species who only looks out for his own best interests. However, what is becoming tremendously clear as the world closes in upon the twenty-first century is the fact that all the detrimental actions humanity has carelessly thrust upon the planet are coming back to haunt all species, including man. Soon there will be fewer and fewer animals left to exploit, with the elephant population representing one of the most immediately threatened of all wild animals because the Bush Administration blatantly supports lifting the existing ban on ivory trade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCtusks.rtf

John Fante & Chester Himes, On Anger
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A 3 page essay that examines the theme of anger in novels by Fante and Himes. John Fante, in his novel The Road to Los Angeles, and Chester Himes in If He Hollers Let Him Go, both picture angry young men as their protagonists. While both of these characters have their anger at society in common, this is perhaps their only similarity. Yet, in both cases, the authors use their anger as a tool for expressing larger thematic messages. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khjfch.rtf

Justin Leiber's 'Can Animals And Machines Be Persons ?'
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5 pages in length. The writer subjectively discusses whether animals and machines can be viewed as persons using philosophies discussed in Leiber's book. No bibliography sources are used.
Filename: Animach.wps

K-9 Detection Units / Danger to Dogs
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In this 11 page paper the author discusses how utilizing dogs to help ferret out drugs, explosives and other contraband has been a successful addition to many police and investigative forces. However, these dogs do not perform their duties without facing the same dangers as their human counterparts. The writer explains numerous physical and mental hardships that often afflict the four-legged officers. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: K9drug.wps

K-9 Units
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5 pages in length. "To Protect and To Serve" is the motto of every police department, and it is especially fitting when the department employs the help of K-9 units. Utilizing dogs to help ferret out criminals is a concept that has flourished through proper training techniques, positive reinforcement and a strong relationship between the dog and his handler. The writer discusses the role of a police dog, as well as the necessary requirements to keep the K-9 unit at its most efficient. The bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: K9unit.wps

Laboratory Experiments On Dogs, Cats And Primates Should Be Banned
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7 pages in length. The writer discusses reasons why animal experimentation should be banned, including the notion of speciesism, sentient consciousness and the alternative of computer-generated testing. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCBanEx.rtf

Land Developers Vs. Environmentalists
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15 pages in length. For as long as there has been land to exploit, there has also been a war raging between the developers and the environmentalists. Indeed, the battle that exists is one that claims to benefit both sides of the issue: the developers for the people and the environmentalists for the land and its resources. While each party believes what they are doing is the right thing, they unquestionably clash when it comes to their overall purpose. The writer discusses the ongoing battle between environmentalists and land developers. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCland.wps

Lemurs
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A 6 page research paper that offers a comprehensive overview of this fascinating species that lives only on or near the island of Madagascar. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: khlemur.rtf

Making Hunting A Deviant Behavior
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6 pages in length. Society is filled with activities not readily classified as deviant within the scope of acceptance when enough people consider them "normal" by cultural standards. The United States - which may have more routine actions deemed normal than other countries because of its multicultural composition - relishes the "sport" of boxing where men purposely inflict pain and injury upon one another to determine who is the best. Americans also enjoy taking the lives of other animals in the name of recreation and then displaying the stuffed anatomy as an example of man's superiority and prowess. The two activities have only one difference: people can decide to put themselves in harms way while animals cannot, an ethical and environmental connotation that demands hunting be deemed deviant. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLChuntdev.rtf

Mammalian Reproductive Systems/ Phylogenetic & Ontogenetic Development
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An 8 page paper discussing the concept of ontogeny in relation to the human reproductive system. Dispells the belief propagated in the ninetenth century that the embryonic stages of development are an exact mirror of the evolutionary history of an organism. Bibliography lists seven sources.
Filename: Mammal.wps

Manatees: Man's Absent Stewardship
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8 pages in length. Whether hunted, poisoned by pollution, caught in flood gates or injured/killed by speedboats, Florida's manatee population faces tremendous challenges to remain intact as it looms ever nearer to extinction; of the aforementioned threats, pollution and maiming/death by recreational speedboaters are by far the most impacting. The extent to which such activities and man-made problems have placed manatees on the threshold of obsolescence is both grand and far-reaching; that man's disrespect for and indifference toward the dwindling manatee population speaks to a distinct lack of responsibility where humanity's duty as steward of the animal kingdom is concerned. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCManatee.rtf

Medical Testing On Animals
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10 pages in length. The pros and cons of medical experimentation on animals is a debate that rages hotly between two divided factions: those who claim humanity as a species cannot progress without the medical advancements afforded by animals and the welfare organizations that argue animals should not be seen as tools for man's selfishness. Supporters agree that animals are instrumental in providing an assortment of commodities for their human counterparts that include those supporting man's medical, entertainment, provisions and companion needs. However, despite the varying ways in which they ultimately serve mankind, they argue how history has failed to recognize their right to an existence of their own, having long been looked upon as nothing more than a throwaway product. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCanmedtest.rtf

Merriam's Shrew
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8 pages in length. The writer discusses physical description, habitat, diet, and endangered status as they relate to Merriam's Shrew. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCMshrw.rtf

Mesozoic Evolution of Mammals
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A 7 page overview of the differing morphological characteristics which arose during the Mesozoic Era and separated the mammals from their predecessors the reptiles. Discusses differences in the inner ear, the jaw, and the brain and provides possible reasons for the divergent evolutionary paths. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Evolmeso.wps

Nagel's "What Is It Like To Be A Bat?"
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7 pages in length. The writer discusses Nagel's perception of animal consciousness, noting how humanity hesitates to apply any other criteria to animal sentience than what is based upon man's own understanding. The notion of physicalism is also discussed. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCNagelBat.rtf