Research Techniques Paper
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4 pages in length. The writer provides an abbreviated example of research techniques in the way of body text and annotated bibliography, which lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCrschT.rtf

Review of Two Studies on African Orphans
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A 12 page paper reviewing two studies of orphaned African children. There are many conflicting reports coming out of Africa regarding the status of children. At the same time that portions of the popular press are reporting that fully one million AIDS orphans have nowhere to go, nowhere to live and no one to care for them, at least two large studies find that there are no great health or social differences between orphans and those living with biological parents. The purpose here is to review "Health and nutritional status of orphans <6 years old cared for by relatives in western Kenya" and "The social situation of motherless children in rural and urban areas of Guinea-Bissau" in context. Neither of these primary studies seems to answer any specific questions about the lives of orphans in two areas of Africa. They do, however, contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding conditions that are developing in response to the continued progress of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSAfOrphans.rtf

Review of Two Studies on African Orphans 2
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An 11 page paper reviewing "Approaches to caring, essential elements for a quality service and cost-effectiveness in South Africa" and "Policy implications of the inadequate support systems for orphans in Western Kenya" for the purpose of evaluating their effectiveness in informing policy-making changes in sub-Saharan Africa. The focus is dealing with the exponentially-increasing numbers of AIDS-orphaned children. Traditionally, family units have cared for orphans, but their numbers are so high that they threaten to swamp that informal system. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSafOrphans2.rtf

Rwanda
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A five page paper which considers the history of Rwanda, the Tutsi-Hutu conflict which resulted in the genocide of the 1990s, and the UN's involvement in the issue. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JLrwanda.rtf

RWANDA AND THE 1994 MASSACRE
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This paper examines the 1994 massacre in Rwanda of the Hutus against the Tutsis as outlined in Philip Gourevitch's book. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MTrwamas.rtf

Rwanda Genocide
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A 3 page paper which analyzes the genocide activities in Rwanda in 1994. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RArwg.rtf

Rwanda Today
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A 5 page research paper that examines the legacy of genocide in Rwanda and its bright economic future. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khrwatdy.rtf

Rwomire/Social Problems in Africa
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A 7 page book review. Editor Apollo Rwomire begins his preface for his text Social Problems in Africa: New Visions (2001), by pointing out that there is a "dearth of detailed, multidisciplinary, comparative, and accessible" research dealing with social problems in regards to Africa (Rwomire vii). The articles that Rwomire has selected for his text address this need. As editor, Rwomire adopts an eclectic, holistic approach due to the fact that social problems cover such a broad range of issues and policies. This examination of Rwomire's text will take a critical look at its structure and the research methods that the various authors employed. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khrwoaf.rtf

Sacred Hunger: A Review of the Book by Barry Unsworth
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A 6 page review of the fictional scenario of the events which impact the owners, crew, and cargo of an Eighteenth Century ship, “The Liverpool Merchant”. Unsworth uses the traditional sea story to provide an interesting view of the historical factors which made slavery an accepted part of white society. He takes tradition one step further, however, by setting up a scenario in which white and black alike search for a utopian society, a means by which all can once and for all be equal. This paper analyzes the factors which made that goal an impossibility. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPscrdHg.rtf

Santeria
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7 pages. This extremely interesting religion was founded originally in Africa and is a mysterious mixture of voodoo, Catholicism and many other types of beliefs that are still in effect today. In fact, Santeria is making a comeback and many people find they want to adopt this unique and fascinating religious conviction. This paper tells about the history of Santeria along with the beliefs and activities that occur. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JGAsntra.rtf

Santeria & Voodoo Religion(s)
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13 page-long elaborate discussion of religion in Africa. Divided into sections, key focuses are on : Animism (the religious belief that everything on Earth is imbued with a powerful spirit, capable of helping or harming human needs), Voodoo, and the Santeria Religion. Many issues, ideas, and subtopics are explored. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Africrel.wps

SHAKA ZULU
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This 7 page paper discusses the life and works of African leader, Shaka Zulu. A wide range of sources were analyzed for the societal cultural and structural contributions of Shaka Zulu to the African nation. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: MBshaka.rtf

Sharpeville Massacre of 1960
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An 8 page paper which examines the Sharpville Massacre of 1960 in Africa. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAshma.rtf

Short and Long-Term Costs of the January 17, 2002 Eruption of Mount Nyiragongo
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A 5 page overview of the costs associated with this volcanic eruption. An overview is provided of the number of lives and types of property lost as well as of the foreign relief effort. The author emphasizes, however, that in effect these costs are only short-term. This paper points out that the long-term costs of the eruption, costs associated with environmental impacts such as global warming, could overshadow short-term costs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPvolca3.rtf

Should Education Be Free at All Levels in Nigeria?
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This 2 page paper looks at this controversy and suggests that, for the most part, education should be without cost. However, the answer is qualified as it reaches higher levels of education. No bibliography.
Filename: SA322edu.rtf

Should Remunerations be Paid to Africa?
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This 10 page paper considers the issue of whether or not remunerations should be paid to Africa to redress the evils of slavery. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: HVAfrRem.rtf

Sierra Leone / Exemplary Of The 'Third World'
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An 8 page research paper on this tiny African country located in the 'bulge' of Africa. The writer discusses the country's history, ethnic, and economic background as well as the recent political unrest which has plagued the country. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Sierral.wps

Sky Lee’s Disappearing Moon Café/Chinese-Canadians
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A 7 page paper that discusses Sky Lee’s 1991 novel Disappearing Moon Café concerns five generations of a Chinese Canadian family whose saga is shaped by cultural, economic and social factors that pertain to both China. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khskylee.rtf

Slavery in Africa and Europe
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A 6 page paper which examines the institution of slavery in Africa and in Europe prior to the colonization of the Americas. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAslup.rtf

Social And Economic Effects That Starvation Has On Small Villages In Lesser Economically Developed Countries (LEDC)
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5 pages in length. The seemingly unrelated aspect of starvation upon the social and economic elements of small villages in lesser economically developed countries (LEDC) reflects a foremost reason why such global communities like Africa – particularly Zimbabwe – are wholly incapable of drawing themselves out of such overwhelming poverty and hunger. The extent to which Africa's small villages have been forced to succumb to the pressure of globalization is both grand and far-reaching; that the reality of starvation precludes any attempt whatsoever to meet such a tremendous challenge speaks to the lack of intestinal fortitude necessary for such an undertaking. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLC_LEDC.rtf

Social Problems and the Media -- The Global Issue of HIV and AIDS
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This 8 page report discusses the fact that in less than two decades, the pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become an international health, social, and economic emergency. Not surprisingly, media coverage of AIDS, the impact of the disease, and research into the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become an important channel of communication regarding treatment, research breakthroughs, and the development of new treatments. However, attention to the impact of HIV infection and AIDS in Third World nations has been less than comprehensive and exemplifies the ways in which the media (and society, in general) tends to neglect the devastating impact of the disease in places such as sub-Saharan Africa. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWmtvsoc.wps

Solutions for South Africa
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This 7 page paper explores South Africa' s history and life since apartheid. With racism and poverty still a reality, solutions are explored for the nation's future development. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA044SA.wps

Somalia: An Overview
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A 6 page paper which provides an overview of Somalia with a discussion of education as it relates to immigrants in the United States. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAsomala.rtf

Somalian Women
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There continues to be discrimination, violence and a certain adherence to the old traditions, however, the women of Somalia have taken a stand and forged a new identity upon which a role for them will emerge in the future. This 10 page paper explores the political, cultural and economic history of Somalia in terms of the role women have played in the process. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: KTsomwom.wps

SONNI ALI AND TIMBUKTU
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This 4-page paper discusses the rulership of Sonni Ali, the 15th century ruler of Songhay in West Africa. The paper discusses his invasion of Timbuktu, as well as his impact on the entire emplire. Also included is a brief discussion about the impact of Islam on the region at the time. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTsonnia.rtf

South Africa and the Legacy of Apartheid
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This 4 page paper examines some of the ramifications of apartheid on its victims, and what problems now face the South African government because of its previous policies. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVAprthd.rtf

South African Apartheid and how it Reproduced Victorian Anthropological Theories:
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This 9 page paper discusses the situation of apartheid in South Africa in relation to how this mirrored the Victorian ideas of contamination and moral degeneracy. Examples from the past are given which correlate with South African apartheid, such as when the English colonized India. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: GSSAfric.rtf

South African Politics
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A 16 page research paper that offers an overview of South Africa. The writer briefly reviews the circumstances of apartheid, but then offers an overview of the current political situation in that country, which includes consideration of the key issues currently facing the new South Africa, such as HIV/AIDS and unemployment. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: khnewsa2.rtf

South Africans and the Transitions since 1984
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8 pages. This is a thorough look at the struggles and transitions that have gone on in South Africa in the last twenty years. Through the pages of Nelson Mandela and David Goodman these two different sources paint their own pictures of what it has been like living through the difficulties faced by this nation. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAfline.rtf

Speech and Writing in Sembene and Laye
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A 1 page paper looking at the opposition of the oral tradition versus the written word in the third-world African countries. The two novels examined are Camara Laye's 'L'Enfant Noir' (The Dark Child) and Ousmanne Sembene's 'God's Bits of Wood.' Bibliography lists three sources.
Filename: KBlaye.wps

Stephenson’s, “The Language of the Land”
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Stephenson’s, “The Language of the Land”: This 5-page essay critically examines James Stephenson’s book, “The Language of the Land” and his depiction of the Hadzabe tribe in East Africa. In addition, a number of issues relevant to “Jemzi’s” development and how/ what changed him during his time in the bush will also be explored. Bibliography lists 4 sources. SNLanjs.doc
Filename: SNLangjs.doc

Strategic Management of the Retailing Store
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10 pages. The focus of this paper is Sears, Roebuck and Company and the strategic management that is the focal point of any large successful retailing operation. Included herein is the current situation, the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), recommended strategy, implementation and evaluation. Utilizing the information presented in this paper, a well-informed picture can be presented about the management abilities of the Sears retailing management. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAsrsmg.wps

Strengths and Weaknesses of African Historiography
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This 4 page paper defines "historiography," and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of African historiography. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVAfrHis.rtf

Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa
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This 11 page paper considers what impact the structural adjustment programmes (SAP’s) from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have had on African nations. The paper outlines the SAP’s and who they are meant to work and then looks at the positive results, such as increased stability and economic growth and the negative results such as increased poverty, reductions in social spending and many other social and economic costs. The bibliography cites 20 sources.
Filename: TEafricsap.rtf

Sub-Saharan Africa
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This 4 page paper provides an overview of the conditions on the continent in general and how they impact human population growth, natural resources, pollution, habitable space, and other life forms. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVSahara.rtf

Sundiata’s Lessons for Today
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A 3 page paper discussing the first known king of Mali. Sundiata carries such hope and promise for African Americans that several have chosen to adopt not only the symbolism associated with this first king of Mali, but also his name. The historical Sundiata lived in early 13th century West Africa. He lives now only in legend, but he still embodies lessons from which all African Americans – indeed all people of any race or ethnicity – can benefit. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KSsundiata.rtf

Sundiata, An African Epic
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A 5 page research paper/essay that examines the African Epic of ancient Mali, the Sundiata. The writer discusses the ways in which this African legend can be considered to fit the definition of epic literature, in favor of it fitting that definition. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khafepic.rtf

Sundiata: The Text and the Man
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This 4 page paper discusses the African oral tradition that tells of Sundiata, and how he founded what became the nation of Mali. The paper considers the text as a text and as a story. There are 3 sources listed in the bibliography.
Filename: HVSundta.rtf

Surviving Rwanda: Ordinary People, Extraordinary Evil
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This 6 page paper takes the form of a dialogue in which a group of refugees hides from those who are trying to kill them, and tries to understand their motives. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVsvrwan.rtf

Sustainable Development, Quality of Life and the Environment in Africa
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This is a 4 page paper discussing sustainable development in Africa. The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) reports on the consensus which exists between African governments on the importance of sustainable development for their future. Sustainable development, defined as “a new approach to economic development with emphasis on food security, social development and environmental security” is considered the “key to poverty reduction in the region” (ECA, 2003). There are certain trends which have been occurring in Africa over the past several decades which are considered the most important in regards to sustainable development which have affected the quality of life within the region. Certain areas which have been addressed are: sustainable increases in agricultural productivity; coordinating population growth with the level of food production; monitoring environmental issues; improvements in the use of water; utilizing advances in science and technology in the areas of food security and sustainable development; and addressing population health. While cooperation between African governments, sub-regions, and national and international institutions within the past decade has led to an increased commitment in regards to sustainable development, ongoing civil conflicts within the region also impede the progress of many programs and conservation of resources. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJsustd1.rtf