Nigeria
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This 5 page paper reports data and information on specific aspects of Nigeria: size and population, ethnic groups, official and other languages, some taboos, family roles and relations, health conditions, incidence of certain diseases and old practices still going on, such as female genital mutilation, typical diet, attitudes towards death and dying, spirituality, and the exodus of physicians and nurses. bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGngria.rtf

Nigeria - Health
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A 3 page paper that reports on different aspects of health-related issues in Nigeria. The writer comments on HIV/AIDS, the use of condoms, malaria, childhood diseases, polio, the lack of vaccines, the continuing belief in traditional, i.e., folk medicine and other issues. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGngrihl.rtf

NIGERIA OIL, AND THE CURSE OF BLACK GOLD
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This 15-page paper discusses how Nigeria, one of the richest oil countries in the world, is also one of the world's most poverty-stricken ones. Discussions center around government corruption and oil companies' indifference as contributions to this scenario. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: MTnigeroil.rtf

Nigeria’s Political and Economic Obstacles
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A 6 page paper which examines the obstacles that Nigeria faces in their political and economic development as based on the textbook “Comparitive Politics.” The author of this text is unknown as the pages were provided by the student and have no such information. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAnigpol.rtf

Nigerian Independence
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African nations have had an interesting, colorful and often chaotic history since obtaining independence from their colonial 'masters'. Nigeria is certainly no exception. This 11 page paper provides an overview of the factors that influenced Nigeria's social and political history. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KTnighist

Niumi
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A 4 page paper which examines the impact the Atlantic connection had on Niumi based on Donald R. Wright’s work “The World and a Very Small Place in Africa.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAniumi.rtf

Nomadism and sedentarisation policies
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A ten page paper which looks at nomadism in various regions, and the impact which sedentarisation policies have had on the nomadic way of life, especially in respect of environmental and economic issues. The writer concludes that whereas voluntary sedentarisation has on the whole been successful, forced settlement has had a negative impact on both the environment and on the socio-economic systems of the regions concerned. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLnomad.rtf

Non-Verbal Communication: Oculescics and Situational Determinants
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This 9 page paper considers the use of eye contact in a variety of populations through the use of observation, and brings together the current literature with the results of an observational study to reflect variations in the use of eye contract relative to situational determinants. This paper outlines a non-experimental research study. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHnonver.wps

North Africa
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A 5 page paper which discusses various elements of North Africa. The paper addresses population, political conditions, economic conditions, occupations, and other pertinent information. The following also discusses how this region can improve its position from a domestic and global perspective. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAafrnth.wps

Nursing’s Global Implications
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8 pages of slide contents and speaker notes for an 8-slide Power Point presentation on this topic, specifically as it is affected by the worldwide nursing shortage. The shortage of available nurses in developing countries puts even more pressure on accessibility of health care, and it encourages nursing education to be truncated so that students can fill vacancies more quickly. The situation likely is worst in Africa, particularly in those nations in which the AIDS epidemic is worst. The presentation uses Ethiopia to illustrate. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSnursGlobalPP.rtf

Nyiragongo Eruption
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5 pages in length. On Friday, January 25th 2002, the people of Goma were sieged upon by one of Mother Nature's most devastating natural disasters: volcanic eruption. Approximately one hundred forty-seven people were killed by Nyiragongo – one of Africa's most notable volcanoes – with another two hundred fifty thousand displaced from their homes and community. Evacuation efforts commenced at once – but many say not soon enough – allowing for one-third to head west toward Sake, while another two-thirds headed east to Gisenyi in Rwanda. Clearly, the impact upon the social fabric of society is such that Goma, as well as all other communities touched by the volcanic activity, all but ceases to exist after the extent of tremendous devastation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCerupt.rtf

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Filename: pp123.wps

Oladauh Equiano
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A paper which looks at selections from Equiano's autobiography, with reference to his perspectives on his native and adopted cultures, slavery, and ethical and moral issues.
Filename: JLequian.rtf

Olaudah Equiano
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This 3 page paper discusses the differences between the experience of slavery in Africa and in the New World, as told by the slave Olaudah Equiano. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVEquian.rtf

Olaudah Equiano's "Interesting Narrative And Other Writings": Historical Significance
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2.5 pages in length. As much as the slave narrative of such extraordinary people as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs became an American staple in the nineteenth century, the precursor to this particular type of literary expression was chartered by Olaudah Equiano, an African who, at age ten, was kidnapped to first serve as a British naval officer's slave and then upon various slave ships. Earning enough to ultimately buy his freedom in 1766, Equiano dedicated the rest of his life to becoming an outspoken and highly respected advocate of England's antislavery movement. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCEquia.rtf

Online Banking’s Influence on Nigerian Banking
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A 3 page paper discussing Nigeria’s efforts to repair the effects of years of governmental neglect, and the current civilian government is having difficulty in pointing the country in a workable direction. The purpose here is to assess the threats that Internet banking poses to the traditional banking system of Nigeria. Local and national economies rely heavily on depositors’ funds held in banks. Without access to this capital, Nigerian banks have far less money to lend, thereby further retarding the economy’s ability to grow. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSbankNigElec.rtf

Ousmane: “God’s Bits of Wood”
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This 3 page paper discusses Senegalese author Sembene Ousmane’s novel “God’s Bits of Wood,” about the 1947-48 railroad strike in then-French West Africa. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVOusman.rtf

Peacekeeping in Africa: A View of ECOWAS Activities, Past and Present
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This 60 page paper outlines a dissertation on the issue of peacekeeping in Africa. Specifically, this paper outlines the view of ECOWAS, including a focus on past, present and future activities. Bibliography lists 25 sources.
Filename: MHAfrPe2.rtf

PhD Admission Essay
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A 3 page admission essay for a PhD program. The applicant seeks to focus on economic research that has the ability to effect economic and social change in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically as those changes depend on foreign direct investment. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSadmEssPhD.rtf

Piercing & Tattoos / Cultural Expression
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An 8 page overview of the cultural underpinnings of body piercing and tattoos. The writer provides a brief history, health aspects, and negative and positive concepts about the latest form of body expression. The author argues that these forms of expression are more or less safer than breast implants and more acceptable forms of body alteration. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Tattoo.wps

Planning a Trip to South Africa
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This 12 page paper examines South Africa, its climate, tourist attractions and so forth. What someone would need to know if traveling from New York to South Africa is outlined. Things from time zone variances to flight information to safety precautions are discussed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA542SA.rtf

Policy Advice on International Adoption
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A 5 page letter to the president discussing the state of international adoption and making recommendations for US policy. International adoption descended into child trafficking in Romania and Russia, among others, to the point that the EU placed a moratorium on Romanian adoptions to foreign countries. The number of “available” children drastically declined when the profit motive evaporated. In the meantime, literally millions of AIDS orphans struggle for survival in several African nations. The paper recommends that the US establish an adoption policy through US embassies to avoid political corruption and avoid the profit motive. Includes an outline. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSintlAdopt.rtf

Politics of Race, Class and Nationalism/South Africa
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A 14 page research paper that offers a literature review that explores issues associated with the politics of race, class and nationalism in South African during the twentieth century. The writer discusses this within the context of history, both before and after the fall of apartheid. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: khsoafpo.rtf

Portuguese Counterinsurgency in Africa
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A 6 page overview of the African counterinsurgency efforts launched in the 1960s and early 1970s by Portugal. Relates the need for such efforts to the oppressive hand Portugal had levied on the continent for generations. Provides specifics of her airplanes and strategies. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPportAf.rtf

Prince Among Slaves by Terry Alford
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( 5 pp.) Among Henry Clay's documents, for the year 1829 we find the January 1 entry, "Prince Ibrahima, an Islamic prince sold into slavery 40 years ago, and freed with the stipulation that he return (in this case the word "return" makes sense) to Africa, joined the black citizens of Philadelphia as an honored guest in their New Year's Day parade, up Lombard and Walnut, and down Chestnut and Spruce streets. A few lines that hide a much bigger story. That life-story has been recorded in Terry Alford's 1977 book Prince Among Slaves, the focus of this discussion
Filename: BBprslav.doc

Problems in African Countries
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Approximately 8 pages worth of notes & overview of socio-political problems in various African countries including : Zaire, Nigeria, Algeria, Sudan... Bibliography lists 7+ sources.
Filename: Afriprob.wps

Problems of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa
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This 4 page paper examines the problems of women and highlights prostitution, AIDS and lack of education. Gender inequality is the focus of this paper. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA706SSA.rtf

Problems with the Process of Democracy in Zambia and Zimbabwe
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This is an 11 page paper discussing the problems facing the process of democracy in Zambia and Zimbabwe. The concept of democracy as representative government and the observance of human rights has long been considered one of the major issues in regards to the countries of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Since their independence, Zambia in 1964 and Zimbabwe officially in 1980, the governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe had been one-party systems with powerful rulers. Within the last decade however, multi-party elections have been introduced in an attempt to introduce democracy. There have been problems with the democratization process however and the countries have continued to decline in regards to their economic conditions, health conditions, levels of poverty and international relations. Some of these problems are blamed on the corruption which lies within each government while others argue that democracy undermines traditional chieftainship within Southern Africa considered extremely important in internal relations which if disregarded would lead to instability. While the international community continues to pressure the countries of Zambia and Zimbabwe to continue their process toward democracy, recent research within these nations has showed that democracy per se is understood to mean freedom of civil liberties and the expectation of relief from the current socio-economic conditions; conditions which may not be easily met even in the event of political democracy. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TJdemZZ1.rtf

Progress of HIV/AIDS in Uganda and the UK
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An 18 page paper discussing health promotion and its effects in Uganda and the UK relative to the progress of HIV/AIDS infection. The paper reviews the Pender health promotion model and characteristics of adult learning, as well as reviewing the experiences that have made Uganda the only sub-Saharan African nation to date to have been able to reduce the prevalence of AIDS in its adult population. Passion appears to define the difference in approaches to health promotion in Uganda and the UK. The UK has all of the financial resources that Uganda does not and has implemented all action areas specified in WHO's Bangkok Charter, yet it has an increasing problem that is most pronounced within the single segment of the society. It seems clear that Uganda's great success in beating back the advance of HIV/AIDS can be traced back to the openness and willingness to talk about the matter as individuals and various government officials claim. This is a quality lacking in "developed" nations, where prevention hinges primarily on screening processes and unemotional reviews of facts. Bibliography lists 19 sources.
Filename: KSaidsUganUK.rtf

Proposal to Study Aspects of SADC-Led Peace in Southern Africa
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A 5 page paper providing a proposal to study the nations of Southern Africa, along with the Singapore of 1960 and Costa Rica of 1980. Both of these nations effected dramatic increases in per capita income when they developed sustainable export economies. The SADC strives to build economic prosperity while simultaneously promoting peace. Most of the nation members of SADC have little to loose; the premise here is that an economically successful nation will be less willing to institute hostilities with neighbors than will be one possessing economic prosperity that can be lost through military conflict. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSAfricaSADC.wps

Questions and Answers About King Leopold
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This 5 page paper provides bulleted information about literature on King Leopold and the destruction he had done in the Congo. This is not written in essay format but is suitable as a study guide on the topic. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA609Leo.rtf

Questions on Africa
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A 15 page research paper that answers 4 questions on contemporary African issues. Topics include the movement towards democracy, economic issues, the systemic poverty in Africa, and the problem of AIDS. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: khqusafr.rtf

Racism in Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”
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This is a 7 page paper discussing racism in Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”. Joseph Conrad’s novella “Heart of Darkness” (1901) is highly controversial in regards to its racist perspective towards the African native. Although “darkness” within the story is also used to describe the darkness within all men and societies, even those within England and Europe, overall Conrad, through the character of Marlow whose background is very much like his own, shows the racist perspective which was generally accepted at the time in that Africans were considered “prehistoric”, “frenzied” and the environment in which they lived appeared “unearthly” and at times the natives appeared to be nearly “inhuman” in their differences and contrasts to the white man. Europeans, on the other hand, while they may have apparent elements of darkness within, are described in terms of purity, fairness, orderliness, and are civilized and those who, including Conrad, can only appreciate the African native in his own environment but in no means could extend that appreciation beyond that in comparison with Europeans and European society; a racist attitude which was reflected by Conrad within the story. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJHDark1.rtf

Randall Robinson and Molefi Kete Asante
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A 5 page paper which discusses "Defending the Spirit: A Black Life in America" by Randall Robinson and "Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge" by Molefi Kete Asante. Bibliography lists 3 additional sources.
Filename: RAasante.wps

Rape and War: An Examination of Sexual Violence in Times of War
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A 7 page discussion of the abhorrent trend or sexual violence in Bosnia and Rwanda during war. This paper examines that trend from the perspective of defining them as war crimes and acts of genocide. Bibliography lists sources.
Filename: PPrapeW2.rtf

Realigning Aid to Ethiopia
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A 4 page paper providing recommendation to the British government regarding additional financial aid to Ethiopia. The recommendation for the British government and for the governments of other Western "rich" countries giving aid to Ethiopia is to maintain historic levels of financial assistance, followed with increased financial assistance entrusted to NGOs to administer and use for the good of the Ethiopian people. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSethioAid.rtf

Reflections on Nelson Mandela
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This 8 page paper discusses Nelson Mandela and his book "A Long Walk to Freedom" and compares his leadership style to that of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Paolo Freire. The book is highly recommended. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVLngWlk.rtf

Relocating Bushmen from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve
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This 10 page report discusses the Bushmen or San of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) in Botswana. The CKGR was created in 1961 with the purpose of “protecting” an endangered species -- not an animal but the San Bushmen. The reserve was established to provide a home for the Bushmen in their ‘natural environment’, the only place they were able to survive. But in order to develop both tourism and mining potential, the government of Botswana has been taking action with the intention of relocating the San to settlements that sound suspiciously like the “reservations” of North America’s own indigenous peoples. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWbushmn.wps

REPRESENTATION OF AFRICA IN THE MEDIA
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This 6 page paper discusses the misrepresentation by Western Media of the situations facing Africa. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBmugabe.rtf

Research Proposal: Educating Sub-Saharan Women
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A 6 page paper proposing research into educating women in sub-Saharan Africa in health issues, concentrating on nutritional needs, condom use and general health matters. The desired end goal is to design a program addressing topics particularly applicable to women in sub-Saharan Africa, including both social structures and specifics of disease transmission and development. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KSresProAfWo.rtf