Conservation Efforts in Madagascar:
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This 10 page paper discusses the unique wildlife of Madagascar and reveals the many conservation efforts to protect this wildlife. Furthermore, this paper outlines the forces which impede such efforts and why conservation in Madagascar is so important. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: GSReserv.rtf

Considerations for the American Firm Relocating to Ethiopia
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An 8 page outline of the situation which Americans might encounter in Ethiopia. The author of this paper contends that while their are economic incentives to be gained by the American firm and Ethiopians alike, firms must be prepared to prepare their American staff for the cultural differences which they are likely to encounter in their new place of residence. The measures which should be implemented primarily revolve around educating employees in the history, culture, and religions which characterize the country to which they are moving. Even more importantly, however, a firm should instill in its employees the need to respect the new country and the lifeways and cultures which it houses. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPbusShk.rtf

Costs and Benefits of the Colonization of Africa
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8 pages. With the European influence in Africa during the years of colonization there were both costs and benefits on the African nation and the people of Africa. This paper explains how the European colonies hindered and in some ways helped Africa throughout history. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAafcly.rtf

Cote d’Ivoire’s Postcolonial Cultural and Political Changes:
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In ten pages, this paper discusses how the former Ivory Coast’s cultural changes, most notably, changes in its political systems, have impacted its society and economy as a whole. Four sources are cited in the bibliography.
Filename: TGcoteivor.rtf

CRITICAL ANALYSIS: EMECHETA’S JOYS OF MOTHERHOOD
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This 5 page paper discusses the major themes in Buchi Emecheta's book, The Joys of Motherhood. Examples are given from the book. Particular emphasis is given to the role of colonization in Nigeria and the effect on women. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBemecheta.rtf

Cross Cultural Relations: Kenya
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A 5 page paper which examines the cultural conditions of Kenya from the hypothetical perspective of an outsider who has been living there for two years. The focus is on adjustment and adaptation. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAkenya3.rtf

Cultural Comparison of Non-Verbal Communications / Ghana vs. U.S.A.
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A 5 page paper on non-verbal communications in Ghana (Africa) as compared with those in the United States. Ways to convey interest, arouse attention with facial expressions, make motions & gestures, communicate mood or attitude with clothing, etc; are examined. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Nonvergh.wps

Cultural Diversity/Religion in South Africa
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A 4 page research paper/essay that is formatted to be delivered as a speech to a Methodist youth convention in South Africa. The topic is accommodating cultural diversity using the philosophy of ubuntu in South Africa. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khubuntu.rtf

Culture and Economics: The Lives of Ethiopian Women
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A 13 page exploration of the economic and cultural factors which impact Ethiopian women. The welfare of Ethiopia’s rural women is of particular concern in that they represent the majority in Ethiopian society. These women have few economic options in life. They often live in abusive homes but to escape those homes they must find viable employment in the cities. Such employment is largely nonexistent in Ethiopia and far too many women are forced into the industry of prostitution. This paper explores the options available to Ethiopia’s women and suggests that in order to changed the lives of these women we must address both Ethiopian culture and entrepreneurial options. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPwmEthi.rtf

Culture and the Spread of AIDS in Africa
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A 14 page paper which examines how the culture of Africa has contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS in that nation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAaidsa5.rtf

Darfur Ethic Conflict and Its Consequences
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With the world focused on the latest Iraqi War and its consequences, it takes little time to focus on a smaller conflict with potentially greater consequences. Discussed are the issues of deterrence, global hatred toward the U.S., U.S. policy, Canadian aid and other real and potential consequences. 7 works cited. jvDarfur.rtf
Filename: jvDarfur.rtf

Darfur: An Analysis
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A 10 page analysis of the historical, ethnic, and religious factors at play in the Darfur situation. This paper analyzes Darfur from the perspective that there have been many contributory circumstances and events that have led up to it. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdarfurAnalysis.rtf

Davidson's In the Eye of the Storm
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This 8 page paper evaluates this book published in the early 1970s about the people of Angola and their struggle for freedom. This paper focuses on thematic elements as well as relaying basic information. The work is critiqued as well. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA521Ang.rtf

Dead Poets Society & Communication
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A 3 page research paper that explores communication in this film. The writer argues that the heart of the film is the tension created by contrasting the manner in which a talented teacher, John Keating (Robin Williams) communicates with his students and the communication style employed by authoritarian school officials and the parents of the boys. Examination of this film and its message illustrates many of the points discussed in the research literature on this topic. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khddp.rtf

Deities in the Afro-Cuban Religions
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7 pages. To understand Afro-Cuban society one must have an understanding of their religions and deities. This paper focuses on the deities and understanding of the Afro-Cuban society, including the biographies of the saints in the Yoruba Pantheon. Also are reflected the daily lives and historical experience of African and Cuban societies. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAdeits.rtf

Democracy in Morocco
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A 10 page research paper that examines and discusses the progress of Morocco towards democracy. Beginning with his assumption of the throne in 1999 after the death of his father Hassan II, King Mohammed VI has attempted to implement democratic policies in Morocco; however, authoritarian habits are hard to eradicate (Pingree and Abend 15). Reform and change has come in "fits and starts," as the government has tried to institute real change while "clinging to oppressive practices" (Pingree and Abend 15). This examination of political commentary pertaining to the development of democracy in Morocco shows that while some progress has been made, the future of democratic governance in this country is problematic at best. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khdemmor.rtf

Democracy in Uganda vs Bolivia
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A 4 page assessment of democracy in these countries. This paper makes this assessment on the basis of two important criteria for democracy and three indexes for each of these criteria. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPugandaBolivia.rtf

Democratic Peace Theory – Africa And Middle East
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This 12 page paper begins by explaining what the democratic peace theory is and why it works most of the time. The writer reports and comments on why so few nations have been successful in changing from an autocratic government to a democratic government. The conditions and characteristics that are conducive to institutionalizing democracy are explained. The discussion then turns to the Middle East and Africa and the difficulties they have had in democratization programs. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGdemmd.rtf

Desertification and the African Sahel
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In five pages this paper examines the issues associated with the desertification of the African Sahel reason with historical background, causes and effects, and possible solutions to this problem among the topics discussed. Six sources are listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGdesahel.rtf

Desertification in the Sudan
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A paper which looks at the causes of desertification in the Sudan, and suggests national and international policies which might be implemented to address this issue. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLdessud.rtf

Development & Sub-Sahara
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A 6 page research paper that consists of two 3-page essays. The first essay addresses the questions that pertain to how a society develops, that is, whether or not political, economic, social and artistic develop is interconnected. The second essay pertains to whether or not the sub-Saharan region of Africa will see major changes during the next decade or so. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khdevssa.rtf

Discourse on Africa
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A 5 page research paper on language use and how African has been presented within a global context. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khafdis2.rtf

DISGRACE BY COETZEE
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This 5 page paper discusses the issue of 'disgrace' as exampled in the boo by J.M. Coetzee, Disgrace. Quotes cited from text. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: MBdisgrace.rtf

Dissertation Proposal; The Role of Playgrounds Standards in Traditional Arab Neighbourhoods: Case study Libya
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This 5 page paper is a research proposal for a student who wants to study to examine and investigate playgrounds standards of the old traditional neighbourhoods. To explore rehabilitation techniques for the existing playgrounds and to develop techniques to establish standards for planning and design of playgrounds that are unique for Libyan society and its’ cultural background responsive to Libyan specific needs. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEplaylib.rtf

Diversity in Public Management in Ghana
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A 3 page paper discussing increasing gender diversity in Ghana’s public administration. The problem to be addressed here is that of promoting gender diversity in public administration in Ghana. The primary focus is to determine how the government of Ghana can encourage women to strive to reach government’s highest levels. Toward this end, the paper includes a nine-item questionnaire intended to be presented to those already active in the upper levels of Ghana’s public management. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSghanaGovtDiv.rtf

Do They Hear You When You Cry By Kassindja & Bashir
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This 3 page paper discusses Kassindja and Bashir's book, Do They Hear You When You Cry, the true account of Kassindja's plight to escape Female genital mutilation in Togo, Africa. The writer's thesis is that strangers will come forward to help an individual who is experiencing injustice and brutality. The writer also reports how this case changed refugee laws in the U.S. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGdothy.rtf

East African vs. West African Slave Trade
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6 pages in length. This paper is a research project on the difference between the East African slave trade and that of the West African Slave trade. The slave trade that took place across the Indian Ocean is to a certain extent a misnomer, because it tends to combine two historically and geographically different and distinct trades; the only thing they shared was that of the body of water they crossed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAafslv.wps

EBONICS AND EFFECTIVENESS
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This paper examines the essay "Ebonics: A Serious Analysis of African American Speech Patterns" and determines if Ebonics is, in actuality, its own unique language as the essay contends. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MTebonic.rtf

Economic Effects of U.S. Cotton Subsidies
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A 3 page paper discussing the effects that U.S. cotton subsidies have on the world cotton market, and particularly how the subsidies affect the law of supply and demand as well as the cotton producers in West African nations. The EU has agreed to end its high subsidies and now calls on the US government to do the same. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSeconCott.rtf

Economy Of Nigeria
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An 11 page paper that begins by reporting the current government does not really have an economic policy. The essay then reports the history, demographics and type of government, economic history from slavery forward, and a discussion of oil and its effects on politics, the economy and the people. The essay ends with a brief analysis using Porter's competitive advantage for nations model. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGngeri.RTF

ECOWAS AND ECOMOG
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6 pages in length. A sixteen-member assemblage whose estimated population is more than two hundred sixteen million people, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created in May of 1975 as a means by which to address peacekeeping in the subregion. The extent to which ECOWAS was unprecedented in many ways is illustrated by the enthusiasm it ignited to such a degree that no fewer than two heads of state formally supported adoption and subsequent ratification of the treaty by attending the Summit, the latter of which was realized in a record short period of time by all sixteen countries. Inextricably connected with ECOWAS, the Monitoring Group ECOMOG represents the components of a land, air and sea military faction established by ECOWAS as a means by which to address security problems that arose subsequent to the 1990 Republic of Liberia state structural collapse. Successful in its objective, the force re-established Liberian state structure to a functional mode. Another issue in which its involvement has been critical is that of reinstating democratic order and bringing an end to the savage civil war in the Republic of Sierra Leone, a process that began in the year 2000. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLC_ECOWAS.rtf

EDUCATION FOR PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF AIDS IN NIGERIA: LITERARY REVIEW AND COMMENTARY
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This 11-page paper discusses the potential of implementing an AIDS awareness education plan in Nigeria. This focuses on a literature review about AIDS in Nigeria, leading to the idea that the right educational program might be effective in preventing the spread of AIDS. Bibliography lists 18 sources.
Filename: MTaidnig.rtf

Education In South Africa
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A Study of Resilient Schools; This 10 page paper is based on a case study provided by a student. It looks at the way in which schools in South Africa have been seen to succeed in very difficult circumstances due to a range of factors which make the school resilient to its' environment and enable it to succeed where others have failed. The paper considers these findings as well as the recommendations that accompanied the report.
Filename: TEsouafr.wps

Effects of Climate and Geography on African Migratory Patterns
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A 10 page paper discussing how Africa's climate and geography affected early migration patterns and the effects still apparent today. Africa's climate and geography have held great influence over the migration patterns of both indigenous peoples and "invading" forces from the Arab and Western worlds. The influence of each persists in the form of cultural and religious divisions today, with Islam and other Arab influence being prevalent in the north; strong European influence in South Africa; and continuing strife between indigenous peoples in the interior semiarid steppe. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSAfrMigra.wps

Effects Of Globalization
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A 4 page paper that begins with comments from the globalization index. The writer briefly comments on the effects of globalization on Burma, Ethiopia and Haiti and suggests the real effects on the U.S. are still debatable. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGgl4un.RTF

Elephants, Rhinos, Kobs, Leopards And Buffalo: Communication In African Culture
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5 pages in length. While not art in the conventional sense, ancient African artifacts depict the cultural progression of its people by virtue of animal-infused masks, figures, tribal dances and trinkets that symbolized what they wanted to convey. The extent to which the buffalo (bravery and strength), leopard (authority), elephant (power and kingship, wisdom and patience), kob (abundant wildlife) and rhinoceros (leadership) reflect the five animal figures used most predominantly throughout the vast array of African culture is both grand and far-reaching; that these symbolic images were instrumental in expressing both basic and complex forms of communication speaks to the critical importance these figurative portrayals had in aiding man's need to share information. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCAfrCulAnim.rtf

Emecheta/2nd Class Citizen
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A 10 page research paper that, first of all, analyzes a novel by Bushi Emecheta's novel entitled Second-Class Citizen, which was first published in 1974, and concerns the life of a Nigerian woman of the Igbo tribe. Emecheta's protagonist, Adah Obi, is pictured from childhood through early adulthood, with Emecheta charting her personal development within the Nigerian cultural framework. In this manner, Emecheta addresses not only the way that Nigerian custom relegates women to second-class citizenship, but also how this problem is compounded when her family moves to England. Examination of the novel shows that it accurately represents the real-life experiences of African women in regards to secondary status, culturally, politically, and racially. The writer proves this point by offering an extensive discussion of outside sources that discusses African women. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: kheme2nd.rtf

Ending Apartheid/Rise in Crime in So. Africa
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A 6 page research paper that examines the causes behind the upsurge in crime in South African since the ending of Apartheid. The factors under debate in South Africa regarding the crime rate concern what circumstances predicated this surge. Many whites blame the black majority governments of Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki. Others point to the lingering legacy of Apartheid policies. The writer concludes that the latter group is correct. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khcrinsa.wps

Environmental Challenges and Responses in Mozambique
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the environmental challenges and the government response in Mozambique. The civil war which erupted in Mozambique in 1975 was considered one of the main factors which led to the devastation of the environment within the country. Not only did the civil war have a direct impact on the wildlife in regards to food and revenue for the rebels but the war also led to a massive migration of farmers and communities from the agricultural hinterland to the coastal urban regions. This migration led to urban sprawl and consequently pollution and depletion of the fishing resources, coastal erosion and deforestation. In the land that was left behind, the agricultural crops were abandoned which led to increased desertification. In addition to the impact of the civil war, southern Mozambique had undergone a series of droughts and floods in the 1980s and early 1990s which further devastated the land. Fortunately, within the last seven years, the government of Mozambique with the assistance of international aid has established several initiatives which take into account the wildlife in the hinterland as well as the coastal regions, the reclamation of agricultural land through the clearing and cleaning of the irrigation systems, and spatial planning in the urban areas in which coastal erosion and deforestation is addressed in urban development among many other programs. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TJMozam1.rtf

Epics of Africa: 5 pages in length
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This model paper discusses two books, Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali, by D. T. Niane as well as Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge, by Molefi Kete Asante. Both books give an interesting insight to the beliefs and culture of Africa, as well as serve to introduce the reader to a side of Africa they may never have envisioned before. By making the reader aware that other cultures have the same myths, beliefs, goals and problems help give these other cultures real faces, and populate them with real people, rather than just text in a geography book. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAomali.wps