Human Rights Violations In Nigeria & New Guinea
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A 7 page paper that provides an comparison between the human rights violations in Nigeria and those in New Guinea, and suggests the reason why outside response has been so limited. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Humright.doc

Nigeria / One Example Of The Influence Of Christian Imperialism In Sub-Saharan Africa
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A 5 page paper discussing the Christianization that occurred in Nigeria between the 1880s and the 1930s. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Nigeria.wps

Nigeria, Mexico & Russia / Comparison & Contrast
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In 5 pages, the author compares and contrasts the countries of Nigeria, Mexico, and Russia based on their ethnicity/tribalism, the role of men and women, corruption, and revolution. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RArcj.rtf

Rich Land, Poor Land - Nigeria's Unfriendly Skies
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A 5 page paper that discusses the political and economical chaos that has surrounded the African country of Nigeria for the past century and left this oil-rich land in a situation of ruin. Highlighted is the serious lack of proper air traffic control over this country and the problem this presents to Nigeria's floundering economy. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: LCAfrica.doc

Assessing the Folk Societies of New Guinea
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A 6 page paper addressing the changes that may have occurred in folk societies before they are discovered by anthropologists. In the world of the anthropologist, the society of investigation is seen for what it is as far as the anthropologist can determine. What remains unknown, aside from the stories of the people of the culture, is the history of the society and how it may have changed over the years, decades, or even centuries. Any move toward 'civilization' as we understand it is seen as progress, but one wonders if it truly is. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Newguin1.wps

Evolution Away from the Folk Society in New Guinea
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A 6 page paper discussing the notion of progress as people in the New Guinea highlands continue to abandon many of their traditional roles while yet still keeping traditional tools. In times past, the 'Big Man' of the community was one to which the locals could place both their trust and their cash. He dealt in influence, and his currency was social favors. The concept of the Big Man is only one that remains with the rapid commercialization of the society, but it is indicative of the dilemma in which the people find themselves. In attempting to blend the old with the new, one must almost always make room for the other.No additional sources cited.
Filename: Newguin2.wps

Birth Twins & Symbolism In African Religion / The Dogon
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A 6 page paper that provides an overview of twins in African religion and ritual, with a focus on both symbolic and birth twins in Dogon tribes. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Afrtwins.wps

Dogon Religion
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A 10 page paper discussing how the Dogon of Mali, Africa, view the origin of the world and how it is connected with astronomy. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Dogonrel.wps

The Dogon Religion & Animals
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A 10 page research paper which explores the animistic aspect of religious belief in this primitive African culture. The writer discusses the role that animals play in Dogon rituals which predict the future, and also gives a possible explanation for the mystery surrounding the impressive knowledge of this primitive tribe regarding the star cluster which makes up the 'dog star,' Sirius A and B. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Dogon.rtf

Dancing Skeletons : A Comparison of the Culture in Mali and the United States
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A 5 page paper which discusses the book 'Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa' by Katherine Dettwyler, and compares the cultural lifestyle of the people in Mali with that of the people in the United States. While the severity of the ignorance and existence of realities such as malnutrition is much less in the United States than it is in Mali, such conditions do exist here in this country. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAskelet.wps

Mali's Economic & Political Systems / Then & Now
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A 14 page report that traces the origins of the Mali Empire from inception to the modern African republic. The decline of a wealthy, prosperous state to one that is riddled with poverty and hardship is discussed in terms of governmental structures and economic conditions. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Mali.wps

Mali, Songhay, and Ghana / Comparison and Contrast between them and other Civilizations
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In 5 pages, the author discusses Mali, Songhay, and Ghana and makes a comparison/contrast between those empires of Africa and other civilizations. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PCmsghis.doc

Solving the Problems of a Third World Country / Mali
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An insightful 6 page report in which the writer attempts to act as a Malian leader and solve various socio-political problems in Mali. All answers are well-though and based upon documented research. Included in the discussion are : desertification, education, health care, political climate, and more. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Maliagen.wps

Kenya & Senegal / Tourism
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A 17 page paper examining the various issues relating to tourism in the African areas of Kenya and Senegal. Each region is examined individually in relationship to their involvement in tourism. As might be expected, Kenya is far more involved in tourism than is Senegal. This is largely due to the fact that Kenya has been known for its wondrous wildlife parks while Senegal has been largely concerned with merely staying afloat economically speaking. Tourism in Senegal is experiencing growth however, and this is covered in as much depth as is possible. Following individual sections focusing on the individual regions, is a section which compares the two in a competitive manner. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: Toursen.wps

Kenya's Quest for Justice
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A 20 page paper discussing the issue of whether ingrained but changing political corruption has affected the functional ability of Kenya's judicial system. Kenya has long been surrounded by violence and the corruption of the nations surrounding it, and the Kenyan government itself has been castigated for involvement of many of its highest-ranking members actively practicing corruption. Kenya's political system is seen as being an abysmal failure, and to the point that the World Bank has taken the unprecedented step of intervening in fiscal control of the nation. However corrupt politicians have been in fiscal matters, however, the judicial system has been able to maintain its integrity in fairly judging the cases brought before it. It can be assumed that in today's climate of change and embrace of political integrity, Kenya's courts will remain above suspicion. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: KSKenyaJust.wps

The Kenyan Economy and the Application of Keynesian Economics
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This 20 page paper looks at the situation Kenya where inflation is being tackled in a classical economic school manner by the use of money supply. The paper considers the different approaches which may be used and the situation in Kenya, moving on to discuss the influences and possible outcomes of different economic approaches such as Keynesian. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEkenyak.wps

Women in Kenya
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6 pages worth of compiled research and information on the social role of women in Kenya, their high fertility rates, culture, and tradition. Insight is given into the socio-health related problems that exist and what is (or is not) being done to solve them. An interview with a woman from Kenya (who now lives in the U.S.) is cited. Bibliography lists 6 relevant sources.
Filename: Kenyawmn.wps

Politics and Religion in Ancient Civilizations
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A 5 page paper which compares and contrasts the relationship between politics and religion in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Orient and India. There are many similarities in each of these ancient civilizations considering it was a time when religion was the most important aspect of life for most of these people. Politics more often than not, used this to their advantage. The only difference was perhaps, to what degree it was used. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RApolrel.wps

Arabs And African-Americans: Continued Discord
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5 pages in length. The discord that has historically existed between Arabs and Africans has bled over into the relationship that currently exists between Arab-Americans and African-Americans. The writer discusses that what has remained at the heart of this perpetual friction is the questionable religious affiliation between the two groups, with African-Americans being openly chastised for embracing Islam as their chosen faith when they are not Arabs or descendants of Arabia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCarab2.wps

Arabs And Africans: Historic Relationship
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5 pages in length. The writer discusses that a significant part of the historical relationship between Arabs and Africans can be traced back to religious discord and the introduction of Islam. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCarab1.wps

Culture & Heritage Essays
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12 pages containing three brief essays and numerous short answers about African culture and heritage. Keywords defined and discussed include : Bantus, Nilotics, Homo Africanus, Islam, Nubians, Racism, Black Nationalism, Oscar Micheaux (early Black filmmaker). Available in sections; Please call for more details. (No bibliography.)
Filename: African2.wps

Ancient Engineers of Egypt – Cultural Dynamics and Technology in Building the Pyramids
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This 11 page report discusses the enormous undertaking of building the pyramids and the incredible accuracy that was used in the construction of a tomb and monument to dead pharaohs. Every aspect of the ancient people’s life was consumed by the combination of worship and construction. The two were inextricably connected. Technology developed in support of the construction and the construction continually glorified the divine in ever-greater measures. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWcdtech.rtf

Mining In Africa
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A 7 page paper. The scenario is that a company is proposing to construct a mining and refinery complex in a remote region of an African country along the Atlantic Coast. The UN and the World Bank have requested data about such a proposal. The indigenous population practices Usufruct Panpsychism, a philosophy that is explained. Economic, political, environmental and ethical issues are discussed by reviewing actual events in the mining industry in Africa. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PGafmine.wps

Africa / A Continental Overview
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A 6 page essay providing an overview of the continent's history, geography, religion and art. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Afrpor.wps

African Resistance to Colonialism
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In 5 pages the author discusses the African resistance to colonialism and gives the reader another perspective of the colonization of Africa by the Europeans and the Western influence Africa faced. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PCafcol.doc

John Thornton's 'Africa And Africans In The Making Of The Atlantic World 1400-1800 / Summary
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6 pages in length. John Thornton's 'Africa And Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World 1400-1800' is instrumental in demonstrating the significant impact Africans had upon the Atlantic world's cultural development as a result of their trek to the Americas during the colonial period. The writer discusses how the abundance of Africans who left their homeland on account of the slave trade made a considerable mark upon how the Americas were ultimately established. It can be argued that their participation -- even though unrecognized by the Africans themselves at the time -- was contributory to the Atlantic world's overall evolvement. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCThorn.wps

Memmi's 'The Colonizer and Colonized'
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A 5 page paper that considers the historical, cultural, social and political roles of the colonized and the colonizer in Northern Africa. This paper provides a comparison between Memmi's work and two other authors, who reflect on the status of colonization in other regions of the world. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Colon.wps

The Rwandan Civil War
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A 5 page overview of the conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes of Rwanda which culminated in a bloody civil war in 1994 in which the Hutu majority tried to exterminate the Tutsi minority. The writer gives the historical background which led up to this conflict showing the multiple causal factors which contributed to this genocidal effort. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Hututsi.wps

Civil War in Southern Africa
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Civil wars in Southern Africa have brought devastation on all levels - from political upheaval to famine, genocide and mass displacement. The diversity and history of conflict have added to systems of corrupt and, or, inept governments to bring most of the African States into and through the experience of civil wars. This 5 page paper explores the effects of the civil wars and examines the direction of development in store for Southern Africa. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Civsouaf.wps

African-American Art & Apartheid
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A 5 page paper that considers the impacts of African American art and artists on the transition from Apartheid rule and suggest that the prevellence of compassionate correlations made in American art have underscored the imperative of black artists in South Africa. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Afra.wps

African Music-Ancient and Modern at the Same Time
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This 8 page report discusses the many varieties and flavors of African music from the traditional to the contemporary. African music is singularly unique in that no single description can describe it all. One aspect of commonality between all African nations is the important role that dance, music, and rhythm plays throughout all aspects of national culture. Numerous examples of the types of music, as well as instruments played are included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWafmus.rtf

African Women & Development
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This 11 page paper gives an overview of the issuesand problems facing women in the developing nations of Africa. Bibliography lists eight sources.
Filename: Afrwomen.wps

Benjamin Franklin vs. Olaudah Equiano (African)/ Comparative Autobiographies
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A 5 page paper that compares the autobiographies of Benjamin Franklin and Olaudah Equiano. This paper considers the way in which each many writes about their cultures, society considerations, and difficult problems in America and Africa. Franklin's authobiography is set in the context of U.S. history, while Equiano's is based in the historical perspective of European and American slave trade. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Equiano.wps

Maya Angelou/All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes
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A 5 page analysis of All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes by Maya Angelou, which is the fifth volume in her serial autobiography. This volume is an account of Angelou's experiences in Ghana in the early 1960s. This narrative relates how Angelou found a job teaching at the University of Ghana and began working as an editor. While the narrative naturally includes the details of where Angelou worked, and the major details of her life, the motivating force behind the book is how Angelou worked to relate emotionally to Ghana and her African heritage. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99agcnts.rtf

Aids in Zimbabwe
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6 pages in length. Zimbabwe is in the midst of one of the most serious AIDS epidemics in the world. This paper takes a look at the AIDS in Zimbabwe, sex education in their schools, and government programs, all of which are trying to slow the spread of this deadly disease. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAaidsz.wps

Symbolism in African Art
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A 6 page paper which examines the definition of symbolism in African art through masks and other three-dimensional work. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBafrart.rtf

'Heart of Darkness' and 'An Image of Africa'
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3 pages in length. Authors Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe take us on emotional journeys into their works. The writer describes the talent with which these two authors transport us into their world. We read about the real people of Africa, their emotions and sometimes violent tendencies in their daily survival. These are books about real life; while the characters may be fictional, one infers from the emotions that drive both authors that most of these things have happened or could easily happen and are not simply fantasy. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAacheb.wps

!Kung San: Cultural Change
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5 pages in length. Before the white man's social infiltration, the !Kung San were a nomadic people content to live their lives without any of the modern conveniences so readily associated with many parts of the world; in fact, there was little knowledge beyond their immediate villages as to what technological advancement actually meant. Theirs was a simple yet satisfying hunter/gatherer lifestyle perpetuated generation after generation with no external intrusion or forced cultural assimilation – until the white man arrived. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCKung2.rtf

!Kung San: Environmental Degradation
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14 pages in length. The !Kung San of Namibia have endured a lifetime of struggle and strife, much of which has been at the hands of colonization. After being forced to abandon their traditional way of life and become dependent upon government handouts, Bushmen – whose practice of hunting and gathering has long been an important part of the ecosystem for thousands of years – have yet another catastrophic issue to deal with that threatens their very survival: environmental degradation. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: TLC!Kung.rtf

“Africa and the New World Order”: A Discussion of Africa’s Potential for Influencing International Affairs in the Twenty-First Century
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A 6 page evaluation of Africa’s chances of exerting international influence in the Twenty-First Century. The author of this paper asserts that the political division of the continent serves as the most obvious deterrent to Africa becoming internationally influential. Africa’s history in effect can be used to predict her immediate future and it is unlikely that she can overcome internal strife and political division to become a world influence. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPafr21C.rtf